lancelet (outgroup) lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard hair amniotic egg four walking legs jaws vertebral column 4. what trait separates lampreys from tuna on this cladogram? jaws 5. what separates a salamander from a turtle? amniotic egg 6. which organism is most related to the leopard? 7. which organism’s dna will differ the most from the leopard? why?

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Accepted Answer

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
To determine the trait separating lampreys from tuna, we analyze the cladogram. Lampreys branch off before the "Jaws" trait, while tuna (and subsequent organisms) have jaws. So the trait is Jaws.
# Answer:
Jaws

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Looking at the cladogram, salamanders branch before the "Amniotic egg" trait, and turtles (and leopard) have amniotic eggs. Thus, the separating trait is Amniotic egg.
# Answer:
Amniotic egg

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
On the cladogram, the turtle and leopard share a more recent common ancestor (branching after "Amniotic egg" and "Hair" is unique to leopard, but turtle is closest before that) compared to others. So the turtle is most related to the leopard.
# Answer:
Turtle

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The lancelet is the outgroup, meaning it diverged earliest from the lineage leading to the leopard. The more distantly related two organisms are, the more their DNA differs. So lancelet's DNA differs most because it's the outgroup with the earliest divergence.
# Answer:
Lancelet (outgroup); because it is the outgroup and diverged from the lineage leading to the leopard earliest, so it has the most DNA differences.

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