Question

the russian revolution in february 1917 was caused, at least in part, by which factor?

a. attempts by the bolsheviks to bring back the traditional czarist system

b. the acquisition of new lands that russia captured from germany

c. czar nicholas ii’s aggressive efforts to modernize russia

d. food shortages and heavy casualties during world war i

Explanation:

• Option A: Bolsheviks aimed to overthrow the czarist system, not bring it back. Eliminate A.
• Option B: Russia was losing land in WWI, not capturing from Germany. Eliminate B.
• Option C: Czar Nicholas II was resistant to modernization, and his policies were not aggressive modernization efforts. Eliminate C.
• Option D: During WWI, Russia faced food shortages (due to war - related disruptions in production and distribution) and heavy casualties (from military defeats), which led to widespread discontent and contributed to the February 1917 revolution.

Answer:

D. Food shortages and heavy casualties during World War I