6. assemble a triglyceride (common lipid).
a. the building block/monomers of all lipids are ____________________. but to build a
triglyceride you will need what additional pieces? ____________________
b. look up triglycerides in your notes to find their shape: ____________________
c. assemble a triglyceride into the correct shape, and anywhere that 2 pieces touch use the
triangle water to point to the bond site.
d. once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, glue the pieces down and label it as a
triglyceride.
7. assemble a dna nucleotide.
a. the building block/monomers of nucleic acids are ____________________. for dna, this is made
of a ________________ + ________________ + ________________.
b. assemble the three components as shown by the diagram in your notes. anywhere that 2
pieces touch, use the triangle water to point to the bond site.
c. once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, glue the pieces down and label it as a
dna nucleotide.
8. assemble an rna nucleotide.
a. rna is similar to dna but it only has ____________________strand(s).
b. assemble the components as shown by the diagram in your notes.
c. once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, glue the pieces down and label it as an
rna nucleotide.

post lab questions: use your lab & macromolecule notes to answer the following questions.

1. complete the chart:
four types of macromolecules | main subunit (monomer) of each
(table rows below)
2. what process is used to break down macromolecules? what happens to water during that process?

Question

6. assemble a triglyceride (common lipid).
a. the building block/monomers of all lipids are ____________________. but to build a
triglyceride you will need what additional pieces? ____________________
b. look up triglycerides in your notes to find their shape: ____________________
c. assemble a triglyceride into the correct shape, and anywhere that 2 pieces touch use the
triangle water to point to the bond site.
d. once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, glue the pieces down and label it as a
triglyceride.
7. assemble a dna nucleotide.
a. the building block/monomers of nucleic acids are ____________________. for dna, this is made
of a ________________ + ________________ + ________________.
b. assemble the three components as shown by the diagram in your notes. anywhere that 2
pieces touch, use the triangle water to point to the bond site.
c. once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, glue the pieces down and label it as a
dna nucleotide.
8. assemble an rna nucleotide.
a. rna is similar to dna but it only has ____________________strand(s).
b. assemble the components as shown by the diagram in your notes.
c. once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, glue the pieces down and label it as an
rna nucleotide.

post lab questions: use your lab & macromolecule notes to answer the following questions.

1. complete the chart:
   four types of macromolecules | main subunit (monomer) of each
   (table rows below)
2. what process is used to break down macromolecules? what happens to water during that process?

Accepted Answer

### Question 6a
# Brief Explanations:
Lipids are a diverse group, and the monomers (building blocks) for most lipids are fatty acids. For a triglyceride (a type of lipid), the structure is formed from 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules. So the building blocks of all lipids (in the context of triglyceride building) are fatty acids, and to build a triglyceride, you need glycerol (in addition to fatty acids, specifically 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol).
# Answer:
The building block/monomers of all lipids are $\boldsymbol{\text{fatty acids}}$. But to build a triglyceride you will need what additional pieces? $\boldsymbol{\text{1 glycerol molecule (and 2 more fatty acids, but the key additional from the monomer idea is glycerol)}}$ (more precisely, triglyceride is 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids; since fatty acids are the lipid monomers, glycerol is the additional piece here).

### Question 6b
# Brief Explanations:
Triglycerides have a structure where a glycerol molecule is bonded to three fatty acid chains. The shape can be described as a glycerol "backbone" with three fatty acid tails attached, often represented as a sort of "Y" shape or with the glycerol at the center and three fatty acid chains extending out (the fatty acid chains can be straight or kinked depending on saturation, but the overall structural shape for the assembly here is typically represented with glycerol and three fatty acid chains attached, so the shape is a molecule with a glycerol core and three fatty acid tails, often drawn as a glycerol (a 3 - carbon alcohol) with three fatty acid esters attached, so the shape is roughly like a glycerol molecule (a small 3 - carbon structure) with three long fatty acid chains coming off it, so the shape can be described as having a glycerol "head" and three fatty acid "tails", or a three - tailed structure with the glycerol at the junction.
# Answer:
Look up triglycerides in your notes to find their shape: $\boldsymbol{\text{A glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid chains (often represented as a structure with a glycerol core and three fatty acid tails, or a "Y" - shaped structure with glycerol at the center and three fatty acid chains extending)}}$

### Question 6c and 6d
These are hands - on assembly instructions. For 6c, you would take the models (or representations) of glycerol and fatty acids. The bond sites are where the ester bonds form between the hydroxyl groups of glycerol and the carboxyl groups of fatty acids. So you place the triangle (representing water, since dehydration synthesis forms the bond and releases water) at the sites where glycerol and fatty acid are joined (the esterification sites). For 6d, once arranged correctly (glycerol with three fatty acids attached, each bond site marked with the water triangle), you glue them and label as triglyceride. Since these are practical steps, the key is following the structure: glycerol + 3 fatty acids, bond sites at the ester linkages.

### Question 7a
# Brief Explanations:
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are made of monomers called nucleotides. A DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts: a deoxyribose sugar (a 5 - carbon sugar with one less oxygen than ribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). So the building block of nucleic acids is nucleotides, and a DNA nucleotide is deoxyribose + phosphate + nitrogenous base.
# Answer:
The building block/monomers of nucleic acids are $\boldsymbol{\text{nucleotides}}$. For DNA, this is made of a $\boldsymbol{\text{deoxyribose sugar}}$ + $\boldsymbol{\text{phosphate group}}$ + $\boldsymbol{\text{nitrogenous base (A, T, C, or G)}}$.

### Question 7b and 7c
These are hands - on assembly steps. For 7b, you assemble the deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base according to the diagram (usually, the phosphate is attached to the 5' carbon of deoxyribose, and the nitrogenous base is attached to the 1' carbon). The bond sites are where the phosphate - sugar bond and sugar - base bond form (dehydration synthesis sites, so the triangle water is placed there). For 7c, once arranged correctly (deoxyribose - phosphate - base in the correct linkage), glue and label as DNA nucleotide.

### Question 8a
# Brief Explanations:
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is similar to DNA in having nucleotides as monomers, but structurally, RNA is typically single - stranded (while DNA is double - stranded). So RNA has 1 strand.
# Answer:
RNA is similar to DNA but it only has $\boldsymbol{\text{1}}$ strand(s).

### Question 8b and 8c
These are hands - on assembly steps. For 8b, you assemble the RNA nucleotide components (ribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base - A, U, C, G) according to the diagram (ribose instead of deoxyribose, and uracil instead of thymine in base, single - stranded structure implied). The bond sites are at the phosphate - ribose and ribose - base linkages (dehydration synthesis sites, triangle water at those sites). For 8c, once arranged correctly, glue and label as RNA nucleotide.

### Post Lab Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The four main macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Their monomers are:
- Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose).
- Lipids: For triglycerides (a common lipid), the monomers are fatty acids and glycerol (but lipids are diverse, and sometimes the "monomer" concept is less straightforward, but for the purpose of this chart, fatty acids and glycerol for triglycerides, or more generally, fatty acids as a key monomer for many lipids).
- Proteins: Amino acids.
- Nucleic acids: Nucleotides.

So the chart should be filled as:

| Four types of Macromolecules | Main subunit (monomer) of each |
| --- | --- |
| Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose) |
| Lipids | Fatty acids (and glycerol for triglycerides) |
| Proteins | Amino acids |
| Nucleic Acids | Nucleotides |

# Answer:
| Four types of Macromolecules | Main subunit (monomer) of each |
| --- | --- |
| Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose) |
| Lipids | Fatty acids (and glycerol for triglycerides) |
| Proteins | Amino acids |
| Nucleic Acids | Nucleotides |

### Post Lab Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
The process used to break down macromolecules is hydrolysis. In hydrolysis, water is used to break the bonds between the monomers of the macromolecule. Specifically, a water molecule is split, with one part of the water ($ - H$) attaching to one monomer and the other part ($ - OH$) attaching to the adjacent monomer, thus breaking the covalent bond between them. So during hydrolysis, water is consumed (used to break the bonds).
# Answer:
The process used to break down macromolecules is $\boldsymbol{\text{hydrolysis}}$. During hydrolysis, water is $\boldsymbol{\text{consumed (used to break the covalent bonds between the monomers of the macromolecule; a water molecule is split, with its components attaching to the separated monomers)}}$.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 6a

Answer:

Question 6b