Question

as of september 1, 2001, the federal judiciary consisting of supreme, circuit and district court judges was about 22% women. in 1992, nearly ten years ago, when i was first appointed a district court judge, the percentage of women in the total federal judiciary was only 13%.
—\a latina judge’s voice,\
sonia sotomayor
what type of appeal does the speaker use in this passage? logos
how does the use of this appeal support the author’s purpose?
it uses facts to prove a lack of diversity.
it cites case studies to prove a lack of diversity.
it questions values to prove a lack of diversity.

Explanation:

The passage uses percentages (22% in 2001, 13% in 1992) which are factual data. Logos appeal uses facts/reasoning. The first option says it uses facts to prove lack of diversity (low percentages of women show underrepresentation/diversity issue). The second option is wrong as there are no case studies, just statistics. The third is wrong as it doesn't question values, just presents facts.

Answer:

It uses facts to prove a lack of diversity.