Question

directions: label whether the following is an example of a positive or negative reinforcer.

1. ______________ getting a sticker for doing your homework.
2. ______________ clicking your seatbelt to stop the dinging.
3. ______________ going out to dinner for getting all a’s on your report card.
4. ______________ not having a quiz because your whole class did their assignment on time.

directions: read the following examples of operant conditioning and identify which type of consequence was responsible for the behavior - positive or negative reinforcement... or positive or negative punishment

1. johnny goes to all 5 periods of class, 5 days in a row without missing any. the principal then buys him pizza for having a week of perfect attendance.

1. jen has not been doing well in school and came home with 2 f’s. her mom took her phone away for a week.

directions – you need to identify if the behavior was acquired through operant or classical conditioning. then justify or explain why it is operant conditioning or classical conditioning

1. your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in college because you did so well. as a result, your grades continue to get better in your second year.

1. you eat a new food and then get sick because of the flu. however, you develop a dislike for the food and feel nauseated whenever you smell it.

1. your mom yells at you every time you do badly on a school test. you work your hardest to get a’s to avoid having your mom yell at you.

1. jan is in english class when she hears the bell ring. she immediately packs up and gets ready to leave even though her teacher is still talking. everytime she hears the bell ring while in school, without thinking she gets up to go to her next class.

Explanation:

Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior (e.g., getting a sticker for homework). Negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus to increase behavior (e.g., clicking seat - belt to stop dinging). Positive punishment adds an aversive stimulus to decrease behavior (e.g., mom taking phone away). Negative punishment removes a pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior. Operant conditioning involves voluntary behavior and consequences, while classical conditioning pairs stimuli to create an association.

1. Positive reinforcer as a sticker (pleasant) is added for doing homework.
2. Negative reinforcer as the dinging (aversive) is removed by clicking the seat - belt.
3. Positive reinforcer as going out to dinner (pleasant) is added for getting all A's.
4. Negative reinforcer as the quiz (aversive) is removed because of timely assignment completion.
5. Positive reinforcement as pizza (pleasant) is added for perfect attendance.
6. Positive punishment as the phone (pleasant) is taken away for poor grades.
7. Operant conditioning. Voluntary behavior (good grades) is reinforced with a credit - card (pleasant consequence), increasing the likelihood of good grades in the future.
8. Classical conditioning. The neutral food is paired with the unconditioned stimulus of the flu (causing nausea), making the food a conditioned stimulus for nausea.
9. Negative reinforcement. The aversive stimulus (mom yelling) is avoided by getting good grades, increasing the likelihood of getting A's.
10. Classical conditioning. The bell (neutral stimulus) is paired with the end of class (unconditioned stimulus), making the bell a conditioned stimulus for packing up and leaving.

Answer:

1. Positive reinforcer
2. Negative reinforcer
3. Positive reinforcer
4. Negative reinforcer
5. Positive reinforcement
6. Positive punishment
7. Operant conditioning. Justification: Voluntary behavior is reinforced with a pleasant consequence.
8. Classical conditioning. Justification: A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response.
9. Negative reinforcement. Justification: An aversive stimulus is avoided to increase behavior.
10. Classical conditioning. Justification: A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response.