Question

1. what is the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response originally elicited by another stimulus?

a) operant conditioning b) observational learning
c) classical conditioning d) latent learning

1. in classical conditioning, what term describes the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (us)?

a) conditioned response (cr) b) conditioned stimulus (cs)
c) unconditioned response (ur) d) neutral stimulus (ns)

1. who is best known for his work on classical conditioning with dogs?

a) b.f. skinner b) john watson c) ivan pavlov d) albert bandura

1. in operant conditioning, what is the term for a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior by being removed?

a) positive reinforcement b) negative reinforcement
c) positive punishment d) negative punishment

1. what is the term for the diminishing of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus?

a) generalization b) discrimination c) extinction d) spontaneous recovery

1. which schedule of reinforcement delivers a reward after a fixed number of responses?

a) fixed - ratio b) variable - ratio c) fixed - interval d) variable - interval

1. what is the phenomenon called when behaviors are influenced by watching the behaviors and outcomes of others?

a) insight learning b) observational learning
c) classical conditioning d) operant conditioning

1. who is associated with the social learning theory and the concept of modeling? (bobo)

a) john watson b) ivan pavlov c) b.f. skinner d) albert bandura

1. which type of reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction? (think slot machines)

a) fixed - ratio b) variable - ratio c) fixed - interval d) variable - interval

Explanation:

1. Classical conditioning is the process where a neutral stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response originally elicited by another stimulus.
2. In classical - conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus is the unconditioned response.
3. Ivan Pavlov is well - known for his work on classical conditioning with dogs.
4. In operant conditioning, a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior by being removed is negative reinforcement.
5. The diminishing of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus is called extinction.
6. A fixed - ratio schedule of reinforcement delivers a reward after a fixed number of responses.
7. Behaviors influenced by watching the behaviors and outcomes of others is observational learning.
8. Albert Bandura is associated with social learning theory and the concept of modeling.
9. The variable - ratio reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction, as seen in slot machines.

Answer:

1. c) Classical conditioning
2. c) Unconditioned response (UR)
3. c) Ivan Pavlov
4. b) Negative reinforcement
5. c) Extinction
6. a) Fixed - ratio
7. b) Observational learning
8. d) Albert Bandura
9. b) Variable - ratio