13. convert (6,793) g into kilograms. rhonda can only bring 15 kg camping. how many kg is she over the limit?
14. who first disproved spontaneous generation? how did he do this?
15. the theory that all living things arise from other living things is called what?
16. in redi’s meat and flies experiment, why was one jar covered with gauze instead of completely sealed?
17. when you shiver to warm your body in the cold, which characteristic of life are you showing?
18. identify the independent and dependent variables in a detergent experiment testing which brand removes stains best.
19. when making a graph, what variable goes on the x-axis? what variable goes on the y-axis?
20. why is it important to continue an experiment even if the hypothesis is not supported?
21. what are the 8 characteristics of life?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 13
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall unit conversion factor
We know that $1\space kg = 1000\space g$, so to convert grams to kilograms, we divide by 1000.
## Step2: Convert 16793 g to kg
$16793\space g=\frac{16793}{1000}\space kg = 16.793\space kg$
## Step3: Find the over - limit mass
Rhonda's limit is 15 kg. The mass over the limit is $16.793 - 15=1.793\space kg$
# Answer:
The mass of 16793 g in kilograms is $16.793\space kg$ and she is $1.793\space kg$ over the limit.

### Question 14
# Brief Explanations:
Louis Pasteur first disproved spontaneous generation. He designed a swan - neck flask experiment. He boiled broth in flasks with long, curved necks (swan - neck flasks). The curved neck allowed air to enter the flask but trapped dust and microorganisms. The broth in these flasks remained free of microbial growth, while if the neck was broken (allowing microorganisms to enter) or the broth was directly exposed to air - borne microbes, microbial growth occurred. This showed that life did not arise spontaneously from non - living matter in the broth.
# Answer:
Louis Pasteur first disproved spontaneous generation. He used a swan - neck flask experiment: boiled broth in flasks with curved necks (trapping microbes in air), broth stayed sterile; breaking the neck allowed microbial growth, showing life doesn't arise spontaneously.

### Question 15
# Brief Explanations:
The theory that all living things arise from other living things is called biogenesis.
# Answer:
Biogenesis

### Question 16
# Brief Explanations:
In Redi's meat and flies experiment, one jar was covered with gauze (instead of completely sealed) to control variables. A completely sealed jar would prevent air from entering, and the question was about whether flies (and their eggs) were the source of maggots on meat. The gauze allowed air to enter the jar (so that the meat could still be exposed to air, eliminating the "lack of air" as a confounding factor) but prevented flies from entering and laying eggs on the meat. This way, Redi could test if the presence/absence of fly access (eggs) was related to maggot formation, while still having the meat exposed to air like the open jar (except for fly access).
# Answer:
To allow air in (so "lack of air" isn't a confounder) but prevent flies from entering/laying eggs, to test if flies (eggs) cause maggots, while keeping meat exposed to air (like open jar, minus fly access).

### Question 17
# Brief Explanations:
When you shiver to warm your body in the cold, you are showing the characteristic of life related to maintaining a stable internal environment, which is called homeostasis. Shivering is a response to a change in the external environment (cold) to try to keep the body's internal temperature within a normal range.
# Answer:
Homeostasis (maintaining stable internal environment; shivering warms body to regulate temperature).

### Question 18
# Brief Explanations:
In a detergent experiment testing which brand removes stains best:
- The independent variable is the brand of detergent. This is the variable that the experimenter manipulates (choosing different brands).
- The dependent variable is the amount of stain removed (or how well the stain is removed). This variable depends on the brand of detergent used, as we are measuring the outcome related to stain removal based on the detergent brand.
# Answer:
Independent variable: Brand of detergent (manipulated). Dependent variable: Amount/extent of stain removal (measured, depends on detergent brand).

### Question 19
# Brief Explanations:
When making a graph:
- The independent variable is placed on the x - axis. This is the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the experimenter (e.g., time, different groups/treatments like different detergent brands).
- The dependent variable is placed on the y - axis. This is the variable that is measured and depends on the independent variable (e.g., growth of a plant, amount of stain removed).
# Answer:
x - axis: Independent variable (manipulated/controlled). y - axis: Dependent variable (measured, depends on independent variable).

### Question 20
# Brief Explanations:
It is important to continue an experiment even if the hypothesis is not supported because:
1. Science is about building knowledge. A hypothesis being not supported still provides valuable data. It can eliminate incorrect ideas and guide the formation of new hypotheses.
2. There may be errors in the experimental design or procedure. Continuing (or repeating with modifications) can help identify these errors.
3. The results (even if they don't support the hypothesis) can contribute to the overall understanding of the topic and help other researchers in their work.
# Answer:
- Eliminates wrong ideas, guides new hypotheses.
- Identifies experimental errors.
- Contributes to overall knowledge, helps others.

### Question 21
# Brief Explanations:
The 8 characteristics of life are:
1. Made of cells (all living things are composed of one or more cells).
2. Reproduction (living things can reproduce, either sexually or asexually).
3. Metabolism (chemical reactions in the body, including energy conversion and nutrient processing).
4. Homeostasis (maintaining a stable internal environment, e.g., temperature, pH).
5. Heredity (passing on genetic information to offspring).
6. Response to stimuli (responding to changes in the internal or external environment, e.g., shivering in cold).
7. Growth and development (increasing in size, and changing in form/function over time).
8. Evolution (populations of living things change over time, adapting to their environment).
# Answer:
1. Made of cells
2. Reproduction
3. Metabolism
4. Homeostasis
5. Heredity
6. Response to stimuli
7. Growth and development
8. Evolution

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 13

Step1: Recall unit conversion factor

Step2: Convert 16793 g to kg

Step3: Find the over - limit mass

Answer:

Question 14