document 2: dawes allotment act, 1887... in all cases where any tribe or band of indians has been, or shall hereafter be, located upon any reservation created for their use, either by treaty stipulation or by virtue of an act of congress or executive order setting apart the same for their use, the president of the united states be, and he hereby is, authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof of such indians is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes, to cause said reservation, or any part thereof, to be surveyed, or resurveyed if necessary, and to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any indian located thereon in quantities as follows: to each head of a family, one - quarter of a section; to each single person over eighteen years of age, one - eighth of a section; to each orphan child under eighteen years of age, one - eighth of a section; and to each other single person under eighteen years now living, or who may be born prior to the date of the order of the president directing an allotment of the lands embraced in any reservation, one - sixteenth of a section....
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compared to the policies of andrew jackson (1829 - 1837), how does the dawes allotment act reflect a change in us policy toward native americans?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Main Idea
# Brief Explanations:
The Dawes Allotment Act of 1887 authorizes the President to survey Native American reservations (for agricultural/grazing use) and allot land in severalty to individual Indians, with specific acreage amounts based on family/individual status (e.g., head of family gets ¼ section, single adult ⅛, etc.).
# Answer:
The Dawes Allotment Act (1887) authorizes the President to survey Native American reservations (for agricultural/grazing use) and allot land in severalty to individual Indians, with specific acreage amounts based on family/individual status (e.g., head of family gets ¼ section, single adult ⅛, etc.).

### Historical Context
# Brief Explanations:
Late 19th - century US, during the era of westward expansion and assimilationist policies toward Native Americans. The US government sought to break up tribal landholdings (communal ownership) and encourage Native Americans to adopt Euro - American agricultural practices and individual landownership, as part of a broader push for assimilation into mainstream US society.
# Answer:
Late 19th - century US, during westward expansion and assimilationist policies toward Native Americans. The US government sought to break up tribal landholdings (communal ownership) and encourage Native Americans to adopt Euro - American agricultural practices and individual landownership, as part of a broader push for assimilation into mainstream US society.

### Audience
# Brief Explanations:
Primarily the President of the United States (who is authorized to act), as well as government officials involved in surveying and allotting land, and Native American tribes/individuals affected by the act (to inform them of land allocation rules). Also, potentially Congress (to understand the act’s provisions) and the general public interested in Native American policy.
# Answer:
Primarily the President (authorized to act), government officials (for land surveying/allotment), Native American tribes/individuals (affected by land allocation), also Congress (to understand provisions) and the general public (interested in Native American policy).

### Purpose
# Brief Explanations:
To break up tribal communal landownership on reservations, encourage Native Americans to adopt individual landownership and Euro - American agricultural practices (assimilation into US society), and open up “surplus” reservation land for white settlement (as allotting to individuals reduced communal tribal land, with excess often sold to non - Natives).
# Answer:
To break up tribal communal landownership, encourage Native American assimilation (via individual landownership/agriculture), and open “surplus” reservation land for white settlement.

### POV
# Brief Explanations:
The perspective is that of the US government (specifically the legislative branch that passed the act), reflecting a paternalistic and assimilationist view: it assumes that individual landownership and Euro - American - style agriculture are “superior” and that Native Americans should be “civilized” by adopting these practices, while also serving US interests in acquiring more land for white settlement.
# Answer:
US government (legislative branch) perspective: paternalistic, assimilationist, aiming to “civilize” Native Americans via individual landownership/agriculture and serve US land - acquisition interests.

### Compared to the policies of Andrew Jackson (1829 - 1837), how does the Dawes Allotment Act reflect a change in US policy toward Native Americans?
# Brief Explanations:
Jackson’s policy (e.g., Indian Removal Act) focused on forcibly relocating Native American tribes (like the Cherokee) from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to the West (Oklahoma - area) to clear land for white settlement, with little focus on assimilation into US society (just removal). The Dawes Act shifts to a policy of assimilation: instead of removing tribes, it seeks to break up their communal landholdings, give individual Indians land to farm (like white settlers), and integrate them into US economic/social life. Jackson’s policy was about physical displacement; the Dawes Act is about cultural/economic assimilation (though both served US land - acquisition interests, the means and goals related to Native Americans’ place in US society differ: removal vs. assimilation into white - dominated society via landownership/agriculture).
# Answer:
Jackson’s policy (e.g., Indian Removal Act) focused on forcibly relocating tribes (e.g., Cherokee) for white settlement (physical displacement, little assimilation focus). The Dawes Act shifts to assimilation: it breaks up tribal communal land, gives individual Indians land to farm (like white settlers), aiming to integrate them into US economic/social life. While both served US land - acquisition interests, Jackson’s policy was about removal; the Dawes Act was about cultural/economic assimilation into white - dominated society.

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