Question

clauses quick check
use the sentences to answer the question.
(1 point)
the international astronomical union determined that pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet. pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006.
which sentence effectively combines the two sentences above using a subordinating conjunction? select the two correct answers.
options (paraphrased):

• the international astronomical union determined that pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, and pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006.
• although the international astronomical union determined that pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006.
• the international astronomical union determined that pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet because pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006.
• after the international astronomical union determined that pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006.
• the international astronomical union determined that pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, so pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option for subordinating conjunction use (showing a dependent - independent clause relationship):

Option 1:

"The International Astronomical Union determined that Pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, and Pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006."
Here, "and" is a coordinating conjunction, not subordinating. So this is incorrect.

Option 2:

"Although the International Astronomical Union determined that Pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, Pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006."
The logic here is flawed. "Although" implies a contrast, but the downgrading is a result of not meeting the criteria, not a contrast. So this is incorrect.

Option 3:

"The International Astronomical Union determined that Pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet because Pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006."
The cause - effect relationship is reversed. The downgrading is the result of not meeting the criteria, not the other way around. So this is incorrect.

Option 4:

"When the International Astronomical Union determined that Pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, Pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006."
"When" is a subordinating conjunction. It shows that the downgrading happened at the time the union made its determination, which is a correct subordinating relationship.

Option 5:

"The International Astronomical Union determined that Pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, so Pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006."
"so" is a coordinating conjunction (used to show a result in coordination), not subordinating. So this is incorrect.

• Option 1 uses "and" (coordinating, not subordinating).
• Option 2 has illogical contrast with "although".
• Option 3 reverses cause - effect with "because".
• Option 4 uses "when" (subordinating) to show the time - related dependent - independent clause relationship correctly.
• Option 5 uses "so" (coordinating, not subordinating).

Answer:

D. When the International Astronomical Union determined that Pluto did not meet the criteria needed to be considered a planet, Pluto was downgraded to the status of a dwarf planet in 2006.
(Note: Assuming the options are labeled A - E in order, and the fourth option is D. If the labeling is different, adjust the identifier accordingly, but the sentence is as above.)