directions compare and contrast each pair. tell how they are alike and how they are different.

| | how they are alike | how they are different |
|----------------|--------------------|------------------------|
| 1. phagocyte—lymphocyte | | |
| 2. pathogen—antibody | | |
| 3. vaccines—sanitation methods | | |

directions use words from the word bank to answer the questions.

word bank
cowpox, infectious disease, pathogen, plague, sanitation, virus,
immune system, lymphocytes, phagocyte, polio, smallpox, vaccine

4. what is an illness that can pass from one person to another? ______
5. what term is used to describe an infectious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people? ______
6. what is another name for a germ? ______
7. what is a nonliving pathogen? ______
8. what disease disabled or killed many children in the 1900s? ______
9. what white blood cells destroy pathogens? ______
10. what white blood cells makes antibodies? ______
11. what is the body’s most important defense against infectious diseases? ______
12. what do doctors give to help the body make antibodies before a pathogen enters the body? ______
13. for what disease was the first vaccine made? ______
14. what pathogen did edward jenner use to make the smallpox vaccine? ______
15. what is the practice of keeping things clean to prevent infectious diseases called? ______

Question

directions compare and contrast each pair. tell how they are alike and how they are different.

|                | how they are alike | how they are different |
|----------------|--------------------|------------------------|
| 1. phagocyte—lymphocyte |                    |                        |
| 2. pathogen—antibody |                    |                        |
| 3. vaccines—sanitation methods |                    |                        |

directions use words from the word bank to answer the questions.

word bank
cowpox, infectious disease, pathogen, plague, sanitation, virus,
immune system, lymphocytes, phagocyte, polio, smallpox, vaccine

4. what is an illness that can pass from one person to another? ______
5. what term is used to describe an infectious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people? ______
6. what is another name for a germ? ______
7. what is a nonliving pathogen? ______
8. what disease disabled or killed many children in the 1900s? ______
9. what white blood cells destroy pathogens? ______
10. what white blood cells makes antibodies? ______
11. what is the body’s most important defense against infectious diseases? ______
12. what do doctors give to help the body make antibodies before a pathogen enters the body? ______
13. for what disease was the first vaccine made? ______
14. what pathogen did edward jenner use to make the smallpox vaccine? ______
15. what is the practice of keeping things clean to prevent infectious diseases called? ______

Accepted Answer

### Question 1: Compare and contrast phagocyte and lymphocyte
# Brief Explanations:
- **How They Are Alike**: Both phagocytes and lymphocytes are types of white blood cells (leukocytes) and play crucial roles in the body's immune response, helping to defend against pathogens (disease - causing agents).
- **How They Are Different**: Phagocytes (such as neutrophils and macrophages) primarily function by engulfing and digesting pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. Lymphocytes (including B - cells and T - cells) have more specialized roles; B - cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens, and T - cells can directly kill infected cells or help regulate the immune response.
# Answer:
- **How They Are Alike**: Both are white blood cells involved in immunity.
- **How They Are Different**: Phagocytes phagocytize pathogens; lymphocytes (B - cells make antibodies, T - cells kill infected cells/regulate immunity).

### Question 2: Compare and contrast pathogen and antibody
# Brief Explanations:
- **How They Are Alike**: Both are related to the immune response. Pathogens trigger the immune response, and antibodies are a product of the immune response that acts against pathogens.
- **How They Are Different**: A pathogen is a disease - causing agent (such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus) that invades the body and can cause illness. An antibody is a protein produced by B - lymphocytes in response to a pathogen; it binds to the pathogen to neutralize it, mark it for destruction, or prevent it from entering cells.
# Answer:
- **How They Are Alike**: Both related to immune response.
- **How They Are Different**: Pathogen is a disease - causing agent; antibody is a protein that fights pathogens.

### Question 3: Compare and contrast vaccines and sanitation methods
# Brief Explanations:
- **How They Are Alike**: Both vaccines and sanitation methods are used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. They are part of public health strategies to protect people from getting sick.
- **How They Are Different**: Vaccines work by stimulating the body's immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens, providing active immunity. Sanitation methods (such as cleaning water supplies, proper waste disposal, and handwashing) work by reducing the presence of pathogens in the environment, thus preventing their transmission.
# Answer:
- **How They Are Alike**: Both prevent infectious disease spread.
- **How They Are Different**: Vaccines stimulate immunity; sanitation reduces environmental pathogens.

### Question 4: What is an illness that can pass from one person to another?
# Brief Explanations:
From the word bank, "infectious disease" is defined as a disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another.
# Answer:
infectious disease

### Question 5: What term is used to describe an infectious disease that spreads quickly and kills many people?
# Brief Explanations:
The word "plague" is used to describe an infectious disease that spreads rapidly and has a high mortality rate, affecting a large number of people.
# Answer:
plague

### Question 6: What is another name for a germ?
# Brief Explanations:
A "pathogen" is another term for a germ, as pathogens are disease - causing agents (germs) like bacteria, viruses, etc.
# Answer:
pathogen

### Question 7: What is a nonliving pathogen?
# Brief Explanations:
Among the options in the word bank, a "virus" is a non - living pathogen. Viruses do not have the characteristics of living things (like metabolism) on their own and require a host cell to reproduce.
# Answer:
virus

### Question 8: What disease disabled or killed many children in the 1900s?
# Brief Explanations:
"Polio" (poliomyelitis) was a disease that caused paralysis and death in many children during the 1900s before the development of an effective vaccine.
# Answer:
polio

### Question 9: What white blood cells destroy pathogens?
# Brief Explanations:
"Phagocytes" are white blood cells that destroy pathogens by engulfing and digesting them through phagocytosis.
# Answer:
phagocyte

### Question 10: What white blood cells make antibodies?
# Brief Explanations:
"Lymphocytes" (specifically B - lymphocytes) are the white blood cells that produce antibodies in response to the presence of pathogens.
# Answer:
lymphocytes

### Question 11: What is the body’s most important defense against infectious diseases?
# Brief Explanations:
The "immune system" is the body's most important defense against infectious diseases. It consists of various cells (like phagocytes, lymphocytes) and proteins (like antibodies) that work together to identify and eliminate pathogens.
# Answer:
immune system

### Question 12: What do doctors give to help the body make antibodies before a pathogen enters the body?
# Brief Explanations:
A "vaccine" is given by doctors. Vaccines contain weakened or inactivated pathogens (or parts of them) that stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies, so that when the actual pathogen enters the body, the immune system can quickly respond.
# Answer:
vaccine

### Question 13: For what disease was the first vaccine made?
# Brief Explanations:
The first vaccine was made for "smallpox" by Edward Jenner. He used cowpox to develop a vaccine against smallpox.
# Answer:
smallpox

### Question 14: What pathogen did Edward Jenner use to make the smallpox vaccine?
# Brief Explanations:
Edward Jenner used the "cowpox" pathogen to make the smallpox vaccine. Cowpox is a less severe disease, and exposure to it provided immunity against smallpox.
# Answer:
cowpox

### Question 15: What is the practice of keeping things clean to prevent infectious diseases called?
# Brief Explanations:
The practice of keeping things clean to prevent the spread of infectious diseases is called "sanitation". This includes activities like cleaning water, proper waste disposal, and personal hygiene.
# Answer:
sanitation

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Explanation:

Question 1: Compare and contrast phagocyte and lymphocyte

Answer:

Question 2: Compare and contrast pathogen and antibody