Question

recently, a group of psychologists and anthropologists began questioning the methodology and assumptions built-in to the experiments of the 60s and developed a new plan to test the old research.
when people living in isolated cultures, including in papua new guinea, were shown pictures of westerners with different facial expressions, they successfully named the same emotion westerners named.
the new theory acknowledges that the limited ways facial muscles move creates a universal template of human expressions; but different cultures then filter these templates uniquely, creating varying meanings.
the scientists embedded themselves in local culture, lived with families, and accepted clan names so that they didn’t need to rely on translators or local guides to conduct their experiments.
in one standout difference, the specific expression that western cultures associate with fear and submission—“wide-eyes, parted lips, gasping face”—the trobrianders all agreed showed anger.
known as the “universality” theory, experiments in the 1960s concluded that all facial expressions—sadness, happiness, surprise, and so on—are universally understood across cultures around the world.

Answer:

Since the problem is not clearly stated (e.g., it could be a matching task, a comprehension question, etc.), I'll assume it's a matching task where we need to pair the left - hand side statements with the right - hand side ones based on content.

Step 1: Analyze the first left - hand statement

The first left - hand statement is about psychologists and anthropologists questioning old experiment methodologies and developing a new plan. The right - hand statement about scientists embedding themselves in local culture to conduct experiments (to test old research in a new way) matches this. So we pair "Recently, a group of psychologists and anthropologists began questioning the methodology and assumptions built - in to the experiments of the 60s and developed a new plan to test the old research." with "The scientists embedded themselves in local culture, lived with families, and accepted clan names so that they didn't need to rely on translators or local guides to conduct their experiments."

Step 2: Analyze the second left - hand statement

The second left - hand statement is about people in isolated cultures (like in Papua New Guinea) naming the same emotions as Westerners when shown pictures of Westerners' facial expressions. The right - hand statement about the Trobrianders having a different interpretation of a Western - associated fear/submission expression (showing cultural differences in facial expression interpretation) does not match this. The right - hand statement about the "universality" theory (all facial expressions are universally understood) also does not match. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Let's re - analyze. The second left - hand statement says that people in isolated cultures named the same emotion as Westerners. The right - hand statement about the "universality" theory (experiments in the 60s concluded that all facial expressions are universally understood) is related. Wait, no. The left - hand statement is about a new experiment, the right - hand statement about the 60s experiments. Let's try again.

The left - hand statement: "When people living in isolated cultures, including in Papua New Guinea, were shown pictures of Westerners with different facial expressions, they successfully named the same emotion Westerners named." The right - hand statement about the Trobrianders' different interpretation is about a case where they did not name the same emotion. So the other right - hand statement: "Known as the 'universality' theory, experiments in the 1960s concluded that all facial expressions—sadness, happiness, surprise, and so on—are universally understood across cultures around the world." This 60s theory is about universal understanding, and the left - hand statement is a new experiment that seems to support (or maybe test) this? Wait, the first left - hand statement is about developing a new plan to test old research (the 60s research). So the first left (new plan) matches the first right (how they conducted the new experiment). The second left (isolated cultures named same emotions) matches the right - hand statement about the 60s "universality" theory? No, the 60s theory is the old research. Wait, the third left - hand statement: "The new theory acknowledges that the limited ways facial muscles move creates a universal template of human expressions; but different cultures then filter these templates uniquely, creating varying meanings." The right - hand statement about the Trobrianders seeing anger instead of fear/submission (Western interpretation) matches this new theory (different cultures filter templates uniquely).

Let's do the correct matching:

1. "Recently, a group of psychologists and anthropologists began questioning the methodology and assumptions built - in to the experiments of the 60s and developed a new plan to test the old research." matches "The scientists embedded themselves in local culture, lived with families, and accepted clan names so that they didn't need to rely on translators or local guides to conduct their experiments." (because the new plan involves a new way of conducting experiments, which is the fieldwork described in the right - hand statement)

1. "When people living in isolated cultures, including in Papua New Guinea, were shown pictures of Westerners with different facial expressions, they successfully named the same emotion Westerners named." matches "Known as the 'universality' theory, experiments in the 1960s concluded that all facial expressions—sadness, happiness, surprise, and so on—are universally understood across cultures around the world." (because the result of the new experiment seems to align with the old "universality" theory)

1. "The new theory acknowledges that the limited ways facial muscles move creates a universal template of human expressions; but different cultures then filter these templates uniquely, creating varying meanings." matches "In one standout difference, the specific expression that Western cultures associate with fear and submission—'wide - eyes, parted lips, gasping face'—the Trobrianders all agreed showed anger." (because the new theory says cultures filter templates uniquely, and the Trobrianders' different interpretation is an example of this)

If this is a matching task, the answers are:

1. "Recently, a group of psychologists and anthropologists began questioning the methodology and assumptions built - in to the experiments of the 60s and developed a new plan to test the old research." - "The scientists embedded themselves in local culture, lived with families, and accepted clan names so that they didn't need to rely on translators or local guides to conduct their experiments."

1. "When people living in isolated cultures, including in Papua New Guinea, were shown pictures of Westerners with different facial expressions, they successfully named the same emotion Westerners named." - "Known as the 'universality' theory, experiments in the 1960s concluded that all facial expressions—sadness, happiness, surprise, and so on—are universally understood across cultures around the world."

1. "The new theory acknowledges that the limited ways facial muscles move creates a universal template of human expressions; but different cultures then filter these templates uniquely, creating varying meanings." - "In one standout difference, the specific expression that Western cultures associate with fear and submission—'wide - eyes, parted lips, gasping face'—the Trobrianders all agreed showed anger."