Question

1. what changes did jacob riis cause in housing in the slums of new york and how did he do this? 7. what reform did george waring bring to new york city and why was it important? 8. think of and list some of the ways the invention and mass production of electric light would change the way cities functioned.

Explanation:

Question 6

Jacob Riis was a journalist and reformer. He used photography (in his book How the Other Half Lives) to expose the terrible living conditions in New York slums. His work led to housing reforms: new housing laws were passed to improve tenement conditions (like better ventilation, lighting, and fire safety), and some slum areas were cleared for better housing. He raised public awareness, which pressured the government and landlords to act.

George Waring led the sanitation reform in New York City. He organized a professional sanitation department with uniformed workers to clean streets, remove garbage, and manage sewage. This was important because it reduced disease (like typhoid, cholera) by improving hygiene, made cities more livable, and set a model for urban sanitation systems.

1. Extended Activity Hours: People and businesses could operate at night, so cities became more active after dark (e.g., nightlife, 24 - hour commerce).
2. Improved Safety: Streets were lit, reducing crime and making travel safer at night.
3. Urban Expansion: Electric light allowed development of areas previously limited by darkness, enabling cities to grow outward.
4. Industrial Impact: Factories could run night shifts, increasing production and economic growth.
5. Public Spaces: Parks, squares, and other public areas could be used at night, fostering social life.
6. Infrastructure Development: Led to expansion of electrical grids, supporting other technologies and urban infrastructure growth.

Answer:

• Changes in Housing: New tenement housing laws were enacted (e.g., requiring better ventilation, lighting, fire escapes), slum clearance for improved housing, and increased public awareness of slum living conditions.
• How He Did This: He documented slum life with photographs and wrote How the Other Half Lives, which publicized the squalor, influencing public opinion and policymakers to push for housing reforms.

Question 7