14. explain how each of the following affects the amount of h₂ present in an equilibrium mixture in the…

14. explain how each of the following affects the amount of h₂ present in an equilibrium mixture in the reaction\n3 fe(s) + 4 h₂o(g) ⇌ fe₃o₄(s) + 4 h₂(g) δh° = -150 kj\na. raising the temperature of the mixture.\nb. introducing more h₂o(g) to the mixture.\nc. removing some (not all) of the fe₃o₄.\nd. doubling the volume of the reaction vessel.\ne. adding an appropriate catalyst.

14. explain how each of the following affects the amount of h₂ present in an equilibrium mixture in the reaction\n3 fe(s) + 4 h₂o(g) ⇌ fe₃o₄(s) + 4 h₂(g) δh° = -150 kj\na. raising the temperature of the mixture.\nb. introducing more h₂o(g) to the mixture.\nc. removing some (not all) of the fe₃o₄.\nd. doubling the volume of the reaction vessel.\ne. adding an appropriate catalyst.

Answer

Brief Explanations:

a. The reaction is exothermic ($\Delta H^{\circ}=- 150\ kJ$). According to Le - Chatelier's principle, raising the temperature will shift the equilibrium in the endothermic direction (reverse direction), so the amount of $H_2$ will decrease. b. Introducing more $H_2O(g)$ will increase the concentration of a reactant. The equilibrium will shift to the forward direction to consume the added $H_2O$, and the amount of $H_2$ will increase. c. Removing some $Fe_3O_4$ (a solid) does not affect the equilibrium position because the concentration of a solid is considered constant in an equilibrium expression. So the amount of $H_2$ remains unchanged. d. Doubling the volume of the reaction vessel will decrease the pressure. Since there are equal moles of gas on both sides of the equation ($4$ moles of $H_2O(g)$ and $4$ moles of $H_2(g)$), the equilibrium will not shift and the amount of $H_2$ remains unchanged. e. Adding a catalyst will increase the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally. It does not affect the equilibrium position, so the amount of $H_2$ remains unchanged.

Answer:

a. The amount of $H_2$ decreases. b. The amount of $H_2$ increases. c. The amount of $H_2$ remains unchanged. d. The amount of $H_2$ remains unchanged. e. The amount of $H_2$ remains unchanged.