18. each orbital diagram shown below describes an excited state of an atom of a different element. use the…
18. each orbital diagram shown below describes an excited state of an atom of a different element. use the orbital diagrams to complete the table.\n\n| excited state electron configuration | a | b | c |\n| identify the element | | | |\n| ground state electron configuration | | | |\n\n19. complete the table for each of the excited state electron configurations given.\n| excited state electron configuration | element name | ground state electron configuration | orbital diagram for ground state |\n| 1s²2s¹2p⁷ | | | |\n| 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹ | | | |
Answer
Explanation:
Step1: Count electrons in orbital diagrams
For A: 1s has 2 electrons, 2s has 1, 2p has 4, 3s has 1, total = 2 + 1+4 + 1=8 electrons. For B: 1s has 2 electrons, 2s has 2, 2p has 6, 3s has 1, 3p has 1, total = 2+2 + 6+1 + 1=12 electrons. For C: 1s has 2 electrons, 2s has 2, 2p has 5, 3s has 0, 3p has 6, total = 2+2 + 5+0 + 6=15 electrons.
Step2: Identify elements based on electron - count
Element with 8 electrons is Oxygen (O), with 12 electrons is Magnesium (Mg), with 15 electrons is Phosphorus (P).
Step3: Write ground - state electron configurations
Oxygen ground - state: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}$. Magnesium ground - state: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}$. Phosphorus ground - state: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{3}$.
Step4: Analyze given excited - state electron configurations in question 19
For $1s^{2}2s^{1}2p^{2}$: Total electrons = 2 + 1+2 = 5. Element is Boron (B). Ground - state is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{1}$. For $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}$: Total electrons = 2+2 + 6+2 + 1=13. Element is Aluminum (Al). Ground - state is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}$ (this excited - state has one electron promoted within the 3p sub - shell, but the ground - state configuration is the same in terms of electron distribution in sub - shells for this case).
Answer:
| A | B | C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Excited state electron configuration | $1s^{2}2s^{1}2p^{4}3s^{1}$ | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}3p^{1}$ | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}3p^{6}$ |
| Identify the element | Oxygen (O) | Magnesium (Mg) | Phosphorus (P) |
| Ground state electron configuration | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}$ | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}$ | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{3}$ |
| Excited state electron configuration | $1s^{2}2s^{1}2p^{2}$ | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}$ | |
| Element name | Boron (B) | Aluminum (Al) | |
| Ground state electron configuration | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{1}$ | $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}$ | |
| Orbital diagram for ground state | Draw 1s with 2 paired electrons, 2s with 2 paired electrons, 2p with 1 unpaired electron | Draw 1s with 2 paired electrons, 2s with 2 paired electrons, 2p with 6 paired electrons, 3s with 2 paired electrons, 3p with 1 unpaired electron |