activity c: hydrolysis\nget the gizmo ready\n• select the hydrolysis tab.\n• turn on show description and…
activity c: hydrolysis\nget the gizmo ready\n• select the hydrolysis tab.\n• turn on show description and show current formula/equation\nintroduction: carbohydrates made up of three to ten bonded monosaccharides are known as oligosaccharides. in a reaction known as hydrolysis, your body breaks down oligosaccharides into individual monosaccharides that can be used by your cells for energy.\nquestion: how do oligosaccharides break up into monosaccharides?\n1. predict: examine the oligosaccharide in the building region and its chemical formula\na. how many monosaccharides can form if this oligosaccharide breaks up?\n____\nb. recall the formula of glucose is c₆h₁₂o₆. how many carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms will you need for three glucose molecules?\n____\nc. what must be added to the oligosaccharide in the gizmo to get three glucose molecules?\n____\n2. observe: turn off show current formula/equation. drag a water molecule into the building region. click continue. what happened?\n____\n3. infer: create a balanced equation for the hydrolysis reaction that just occurred.\n____\nturn on show current formula/equation to check your answer.\n4. observe: turn off show current formula/equation. drag the second water molecule into the building region. click continue. what happened?\n____\n(activity c continued on next page)
Answer
Explanation:
Step1: Analyze monosaccharide - formation
The number of monosaccharides formed depends on the number of sugar - units in the oligosaccharide. Since oligosaccharides are made of 3 - 10 monosaccharides, without seeing the specific oligosaccharide, we assume based on the context of getting 3 glucose molecules later. If we want 3 glucose molecules, 3 monosaccharides can form.
Step2: Calculate atoms in glucose
The formula of glucose is $C_6H_{12}O_6$. For 3 glucose molecules, carbon atoms: $3\times6 = 18$, hydrogen atoms: $3\times12 = 36$, oxygen atoms: $3\times6 = 18$.
Step3: Determine what to add
To break an oligosaccharide into monosaccharides (in this case glucose), water molecules are added in a hydrolysis reaction. So water ($H_2O$) must be added.
Step4: Observe water - addition effect
When a water molecule is added to the oligosaccharide in the hydrolysis reaction, the oligosaccharide starts to break down into smaller sugar units.
Step5: Write hydrolysis equation
Let the oligosaccharide be $C_{18}H_{32}O_{16}$ (a common trisaccharide formula, for example). The hydrolysis reaction with 2 water molecules to form 3 glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) molecules is $C_{18}H_{32}O_{16}+2H_2O\rightarrow3C_6H_{12}O_6$. When a second water molecule is added, the oligosaccharide further breaks down until it forms 3 glucose molecules.
Answer:
A. 3 B. 18 carbon atoms, 36 hydrogen atoms, 18 oxygen atoms C. Water ($H_2O$) 2. The oligosaccharide starts to break down into smaller sugar - units. 3. $C_{18}H_{32}O_{16}+2H_2O\rightarrow3C_6H_{12}O_6$ (assuming the oligosaccharide is a trisaccharide with formula $C_{18}H_{32}O_{16}$) 4. The oligosaccharide continues to break down until it forms 3 glucose molecules.