consider the balanced equation.\n\npcl3 + 3h2o → h3po3 + 3hcl\n\nwhat is the percent yield of hcl if 42.0 g…

Explanation:

Step1: Calculate molar mass of PCl₃

The molar mass of PCl₃ ($M_{PCl_3}$): P has molar - mass 30.97 g/mol, Cl has molar - mass 35.45 g/mol. So $M_{PCl_3}=30.97 + 3\times35.45=30.97 + 106.35 = 137.32$ g/mol.

Step2: Calculate moles of PCl₃

The moles of PCl₃ ($n_{PCl_3}$) is calculated using the formula $n=\frac{m}{M}$. Given $m_{PCl_3}=62.0$ g, so $n_{PCl_3}=\frac{62.0}{137.32}\approx0.4529$ mol.

Step3: Determine moles of HCl from stoichiometry

From the balanced equation $PCl_3 + 3H_2O\rightarrow H_3PO_3+3HCl$, the mole ratio of $PCl_3$ to $HCl$ is 1:3. So the moles of HCl produced theoretically ($n_{HCl - theoretical}$) is $n_{HCl - theoretical}=3\times n_{PCl_3}=3\times0.4529 = 1.3587$ mol.

Step4: Calculate molar mass of HCl

The molar mass of HCl ($M_{HCl}$): H has molar - mass 1.01 g/mol, Cl has molar - mass 35.45 g/mol. So $M_{HCl}=1.01 + 35.45 = 36.46$ g/mol.

Step5: Calculate theoretical yield of HCl

The theoretical yield of HCl ($m_{HCl - theoretical}$) is calculated using $m = n\times M$. So $m_{HCl - theoretical}=n_{HCl - theoretical}\times M_{HCl}=1.3587\times36.46\approx49.54$ g.

Step6: Calculate percent yield of HCl

Given actual yield $m_{HCl - actual}=42.0$ g. Using the percent - yield formula $%Yield=\frac{Actual\ yield}{Theoretical\ yield}\times100$, we have $%Yield=\frac{42.0}{49.54}\times100\approx85.0%$.

Answer:

85.0%