2. create the bohr diagrams for the following: fluorine: calcium:

Explanation:

Step1: Recall electron - shell rules

Electrons fill shells in a specific order. The first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and the second and subsequent shells can hold a maximum of 8 electrons (except for some special cases in larger atoms).

Step2: Determine electrons for Fluorine

Fluorine has an atomic number of 9. So it has 9 electrons. The first shell has 2 electrons and the second shell has 7 electrons.

Step3: Draw Fluorine's Bohr diagram

Draw a nucleus labeled "F" with 9 protons and 10 neutrons (approximate number of neutrons for the most common isotope). Then draw two electron - shells. The first shell has 2 dots (representing electrons) and the second shell has 7 dots.

Step4: Determine electrons for Calcium

Calcium has an atomic number of 20. So it has 20 electrons. The first shell has 2 electrons, the second shell has 8 electrons, the third shell has 8 electrons, and the fourth shell has 2 electrons.

Step5: Draw Calcium's Bohr diagram

Draw a nucleus labeled "Ca" with 20 protons and 20 neutrons (approximate number of neutrons for the most common isotope). Then draw four electron - shells. The first shell has 2 dots, the second shell has 8 dots, the third shell has 8 dots, and the fourth shell has 2 dots.

Answer:

For Fluorine: Nucleus labeled "F" with 9 protons and 10 neutrons, first shell with 2 electrons, second shell with 7 electrons. For Calcium: Nucleus labeled "Ca" with 20 protons and 20 neutrons, first shell with 2 electrons, second shell with 8 electrons, third shell with 8 electrons, fourth shell with 2 electrons.