draw a possible resonance structure for the bromate ion (bro₃⁻) with minimal formal charge. include all lone…

draw a possible resonance structure for the bromate ion (bro₃⁻) with minimal formal charge. include all lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges.

draw a possible resonance structure for the bromate ion (bro₃⁻) with minimal formal charge. include all lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges.

Answer

Brief Explanations:

  1. First, determine the total number of valence electrons. Bromine (Br) has 7 valence electrons, each oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and there is a -1 charge indicating an extra electron. So the total is (7 + 3\times6+ 1=26) valence electrons.
  2. Connect the Br atom to the three O atoms with single - bonds first. This uses 6 electrons. Then distribute the remaining (26 - 6 = 20) electrons as lone - pairs on the O atoms to complete their octets.
  3. To minimize formal charges, we can form a double - bond between Br and one of the O atoms. The formal charge formula is (FC=V - N - \frac{B}{2}), where (V) is the number of valence electrons of the atom in isolation, (N) is the number of non - bonding electrons, and (B) is the number of bonding electrons. In the resonance structure with a Br = O double - bond, the formal charges are minimized.

Answer:

The bromate ion ((BrO_{3}^{-})) has a resonance structure where Br is double - bonded to one O atom and single - bonded to the other two O atoms. The double - bonded O has 6 non - bonding electrons, and the single - bonded O atoms have 6 non - bonding electrons each. The Br atom has 0 formal charge, the double - bonded O has 0 formal charge, and the single - bonded O atoms have a formal charge of - 1. The resonance structure shows the delocalization of electrons among the O atoms. (It is difficult to draw the actual structure textually, but it can be represented as follows: Br is in the center, one O is double - bonded to it with two lone pairs on that O, and the other two O atoms are single - bonded to Br with three lone pairs on each of them, and the overall ion has a - 1 charge.)