1) for each graph, label the axes and if it is endothermic or exothermic, then label the activation energy…

1) for each graph, label the axes and if it is endothermic or exothermic, then label the activation energy and indicate the energy released or absorbed.\nfor each of the following reactions (assume isotopes are “near” the energy of their stable versions):\n1) place a ● on the left graph for each reactant in the appropriate location (ignore free n⁰)\n2) place an x on the left graph for each product in the appropriate location (ignore free n⁰)\n3) draw an arrow on the left graph from the reactants to the products\n4) draw the potential energy curve for the reaction in the right graph\n5) label the right graph as exothermic or endothermic\n6) write the reactants before the activation energy & the products after the activation energy\nexample) ²³⁵₉₂u + ¹₀n → ¹⁴⁴₅₆ba + ⁸⁹₃₆kr + ¹₀n + ¹₀n + ¹₀n

1) for each graph, label the axes and if it is endothermic or exothermic, then label the activation energy and indicate the energy released or absorbed.\nfor each of the following reactions (assume isotopes are “near” the energy of their stable versions):\n1) place a ● on the left graph for each reactant in the appropriate location (ignore free n⁰)\n2) place an x on the left graph for each product in the appropriate location (ignore free n⁰)\n3) draw an arrow on the left graph from the reactants to the products\n4) draw the potential energy curve for the reaction in the right graph\n5) label the right graph as exothermic or endothermic\n6) write the reactants before the activation energy & the products after the activation energy\nexample) ²³⁵₉₂u + ¹₀n → ¹⁴⁴₅₆ba + ⁸⁹₃₆kr + ¹₀n + ¹₀n + ¹₀n

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Label axes of energy - reaction progress graphs

For energy - reaction progress graphs, the x - axis is labeled "Reaction Progress" and the y - axis is labeled "Potential Energy".

Step2: Determine endothermic or exothermic

If the energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants, the reaction is endothermic. If the energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants, the reaction is exothermic.

Step3: Label activation energy

The activation energy is the difference in energy between the reactants and the highest - energy point (transition state) on the potential energy curve. Mark this difference on the graph.

Step4: Indicate energy released or absorbed

For exothermic reactions, the energy released is the difference in energy between the reactants and the products. For endothermic reactions, the energy absorbed is the difference in energy between the products and the reactants.

Step5: Place reactants and products on left - hand graph

Based on their relative energies, place a ● for each reactant and an X for each product on the left - hand graph.

Step6: Draw arrow from reactants to products

On the left - hand graph, draw an arrow from the reactants (●) to the products (X).

Step7: Draw potential energy curve on right - hand graph

Based on the reaction, draw a smooth curve on the right - hand graph showing the change in potential energy as the reaction progresses.

Step8: Label right - hand graph as exothermic or endothermic

Determine from the relative energies of reactants and products whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic and label the graph accordingly.

Step9: Write reactants and products with respect to activation energy

Write the reactants before the activation energy "hump" and the products after the activation energy "hump" on the right - hand graph.

Answer:

The steps above provide a general procedure to complete the tasks described in the problem for any given nuclear reaction. For the example reaction ({92}^{235}U+{0}^{1}n\rightarrow_{56}^{144}Ba + {36}^{89}Kr+3{0}^{1}n):

  • The left - hand graph would have a ● for ({92}^{235}U) and ({0}^{1}n) at an appropriate energy level, and an X for ({56}^{144}Ba), ({36}^{89}Kr) at a lower energy level (since it's exothermic). An arrow is drawn from the ● to the X.
  • The right - hand graph has the x - axis labeled "Reaction Progress" and the y - axis labeled "Potential Energy". The curve starts at the energy level of the reactants (({92}^{235}U) and ({0}^{1}n)), goes up to a transition state (activation energy), and then down to the energy level of the products (({56}^{144}Ba) and ({36}^{89}Kr)). It is labeled "Exothermic". Before the activation energy hump, we write ({92}^{235}U+{0}^{1}n), and after the hump we write (_{56}^{144}Ba + {36}^{89}Kr+3{0}^{1}n). The activation energy is marked as the difference between the reactant energy and the highest point on the curve, and the energy released is the difference between the reactant and product energies.