identify the number of valence electrons found in each element.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall valence - electron rules

Valence electrons are determined by the group number of the element in the periodic table (for main - group elements).

Step2: Determine valence electrons for K

Potassium (K) is in Group 1. So it has 1 valence electron.

Step3: Determine valence electrons for Ca

Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2. So it has 2 valence electrons.

Step4: Determine valence electrons for Ne

Neon (Ne) is a noble gas in Group 18. It has 8 valence electrons.

Step5: Determine valence electrons for P

Phosphorus (P) is in Group 15. It has 5 valence electrons.

Step6: Determine valence electrons for C

Carbon (C) is in Group 14. It has 4 valence electrons.

Step7: Determine valence electrons for Br

Bromine (Br) is in Group 17. It has 7 valence electrons.

Step8: Determine valence electrons for Al

Aluminum (Al) is in Group 13. It has 3 valence electrons.

Step9: Determine valence electrons for S

Sulfur (S) is in Group 16. It has 6 valence electrons.

Answer:

K: 1, Ca: 2, Ne: 8, P: 5, C: 4, Br: 7, Al: 3, S: 6