introduction: the electrons that orbit the nucleus of an atom are arranged into shells. the first shell…

introduction: the electrons that orbit the nucleus of an atom are arranged into shells. the first shell contains up to two electrons and the second contains up to eight electrons. most elements are stable when they have eight valence electrons—a rule of thumb known as the octet rule. (elements with less than five electrons are stable with two valence electrons.) question: what happens when atoms share electrons? 1. predict: each hydrogen atom has one valence electron, but it needs two electrons to be stable. how can both hydrogen atoms each achieve a stable configuration? 2. form a bond: drag the electrons so that they move around both hydrogen atoms. click play to observe them in orbit, and then click check. you have created a covalent bond. congratulations, you have completed a molecule of hydrogen! because the molecule has two atoms, it is a diatomic molecule. click the camera ( ) icon to take a snapshot of your completed molecule. right - click the image, and click copy image. paste the image into a blank document and label the image “h₂.” 3. draw a diagram: covalent bonds are shown in lewis diagrams. in a lewis diagram, dots represent unshared valence electrons and dashes represent pairs of shared electrons. turn on show lewis diagram. what is the lewis diagram for hydrogen, h₂? h h

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