naming alkanes - worksheet #1\nname the following branched alkanes:

naming alkanes - worksheet #1\nname the following branched alkanes:

naming alkanes - worksheet #1\nname the following branched alkanes:

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Identify longest carbon - chain

Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the alkane structure. This forms the base name of the alkane (e.g., propane for 3 - carbon chain, butane for 4 - carbon chain etc.).

Step2: Number the carbon - atoms

Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end closest to a substituent.

Step3: Identify and name substituents

Substituents are alkyl groups attached to the main chain. Name them (methyl for - CH₃, ethyl for - C₂H₅ etc.) and indicate their position on the main - chain with the carbon - atom number.

Step4: Write the full name

Arrange the substituents in alphabetical order (ignoring prefixes like di -, tri - etc. for alphabetizing) and combine with the base name of the alkane.

  1. The structure has a 3 - carbon main chain (propane) with a methyl group on the 2 - carbon. So the name is 2 - Methylpropane.
  2. The main chain has 4 carbon atoms (butane) and a methyl group on the 2 - carbon. So the name is 2 - Methylbutane.
  3. The main chain has 7 carbon atoms (heptane) and an ethyl group on the 4 - carbon. So the name is 4 - Ethylheptane.
  4. The main chain has 7 carbon atoms (heptane), a methyl group on the 3 - carbon and an ethyl group on the 4 - carbon. So the name is 3 - Methyl - 4 - ethylheptane.
  5. The main chain has 8 carbon atoms (octane), a methyl group on the 3 - carbon and a propyl group on the 5 - carbon. So the name is 3 - Methyl - 5 - propyloctane.
  6. The main chain has 6 carbon atoms (hexane) and two methyl groups on the 3 - carbon. So the name is 3,3 - Dimethylhexane.
  7. The main chain has 4 carbon atoms (butane) and three methyl groups on the 2 - carbon. So the name is 2,2,2 - Trimethylbutane.
  8. The main chain has 7 carbon atoms (heptane) and two ethyl groups on the 3 - carbon. So the name is 3,3 - Diethylheptane.
  9. The main chain has 6 carbon atoms (hexane) and two ethyl groups on the 3 - carbon. So the name is 3,3 - Diethylhexane.
  10. The main chain has 10 carbon atoms (decane), an ethyl group on the 5 - carbon and a methyl group on the 5 - carbon. So the name is 5 - Ethyl - 5 - methyldecane.

Answer:

  1. 2 - Methylpropane
  2. 2 - Methylbutane
  3. 4 - Ethylheptane
  4. 3 - Methyl - 4 - ethylheptane
  5. 3 - Methyl - 5 - propyloctane
  6. 3,3 - Dimethylhexane
  7. 2,2,2 - Trimethylbutane
  8. 3,3 - Diethylheptane
  9. 3,3 - Diethylhexane
  10. 5 - Ethyl - 5 - methyldecane