question 7\nhow many electrons are in the valence shell of an uncharged magnesium atom?\n\nquestion 8\n0.5…

question 7\nhow many electrons are in the valence shell of an uncharged magnesium atom?\n\nquestion 8\n0.5 pts\nwhich of the following covalent bonds would you expect to be polar? choose all that apply.\no-h\nc-h\nn-h\no=o\nc=o\nc-c

question 7\nhow many electrons are in the valence shell of an uncharged magnesium atom?\n\nquestion 8\n0.5 pts\nwhich of the following covalent bonds would you expect to be polar? choose all that apply.\no-h\nc-h\nn-h\no=o\nc=o\nc-c

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Recall magnesium's atomic number

Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number of 12.

Step2: Write electron - configuration

The electron - configuration of Mg is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s². The outermost shell is the third shell (n = 3), and it has 2 electrons. So, the number of valence electrons in an uncharged magnesium atom is 2.

Step3: Understand polar bond concept

A polar covalent bond occurs when there is a significant difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in the bond.

Step4: Analyze each bond

  • For O - H: Oxygen (O) has an electronegativity of 3.44 and hydrogen (H) has 2.20. There is a significant electronegativity difference, so it is polar.
  • For C - H: Carbon (C) has an electronegativity of 2.55 and hydrogen (H) has 2.20. The electronegativity difference is relatively small, but it is still polar to some extent.
  • For N - H: Nitrogen (N) has an electronegativity of 3.04 and hydrogen (H) has 2.20. It is polar due to the electronegativity difference.
  • For O = O: Both atoms are the same (oxygen), so the electronegativity difference is 0, and it is non - polar.
  • For C = O: Carbon (C) has an electronegativity of 2.55 and oxygen (O) has 3.44. It is polar.
  • For C - C: Both atoms are the same (carbon), so the electronegativity difference is 0, and it is non - polar.

Answer:

Question 7: 2 Question 8: O - H, C - H, N - H, C = O