reaction rates and equilibrium\ndirections: a...

reaction rates and equilibrium\ndirections: answer the following questions using complete sentences.\n1. what is a catalyst? a catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up\n2. what is an inhibitor? a inhibitor is a substance that slows down chemical reactions\n3. what is the reaction rate for a chemical reaction? the reaction rate for a chemical reaction is\n4. what does le chateliers principle state? it states \when a stress applied at equilibrium, the reaction proceeds in the direction opposite of the stress.\ndirections: decide if each reaction below involves a catalyst, an inhibitor, or neither. write c for catalyst, i for inhibitor, or n for neither in the blank at the left.\n5. brushing the cut edges of fruits with lemon juice can prevent the darkening effect that contact with air can cause.\n6. in the human body, proteins called enzymes help to speed up chemical processes. the proteins are not changed during these chemical processes.\n7. aluminum oxide, which forms on exposed aluminum, protects the aluminum from further reaction with the air.\n8. food preservatives called bht and bha slow down the spoilage of certain foods.\n9. nickel is used to increase the rate of methane formation from the addition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. nickel does not permanently change.\ndirections: complete each statement.\n10. a reaction that can occur in both the forward and the reverse direction is called a(n)\n11. is a state in which the forward and reverse reactions balance each other because they take place at equal rates.\n12. at equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are but that does not mean that the amounts or concentrations are

Answer

### 5. # Brief Explanations: Lemon juice contains acids that slow down the oxidation reaction (darkening) of fruits when in contact with air. Since it slows down a chemical reaction, it acts as an inhibitor. # Answer: I ### 6. # Brief Explanations: Enzymes speed up chemical processes in the body and are not changed during the reaction, which is the definition of a catalyst. # Answer: C ### 7. # Brief Explanations: Aluminum oxide forms a protective layer on aluminum. It doesn't speed up or slow down a reaction in a way that fits the definitions of catalyst (speeds up, not consumed) or inhibitor (slows down). It just physically protects. # Answer: N ### 8. # Brief Explanations: BHT and BHA slow down the spoilage (a chemical reaction) of foods. Since they slow down a chemical reaction, they are inhibitors. # Answer: I ### 9. # Brief Explanations: Nickel increases the rate of methane formation and is not permanently changed. This matches the definition of a catalyst (speeds up reaction, not consumed). # Answer: C ### 10. # Brief Explanations: By definition, a reaction that can go forward and backward is called a reversible reaction. # Answer: reversible reaction ### 11. # Brief Explanations: Equilibrium is the state where forward and reverse reactions balance each other at equal rates. # Answer: Equilibrium ### 12. # Brief Explanations: At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products are constant (not changing over time), but they are not necessarily equal (the amounts or concentrations can be different). # Answer: constant; equal