use the periodic table to determine the number of valence electrons in each of the following elements. na…

Explanation:

Step1: Locate Na in periodic table

Sodium (Na) is in Group 1. Group number gives valence - electron number for main - group elements. So, Na has 1 valence electron.

Step2: Locate F in periodic table

Fluorine (F) is in Group 17. For main - group elements, valence electrons = group number - 10 (for groups 13 - 18) or group number (for groups 1 - 2). So, F has 7 valence electrons.

Step3: Locate V in periodic table

Vanadium (V) is a transition metal. Its electron configuration is [Ar]3d³4s². The sum of electrons in the outermost shell (4s) and the shell just inside it (3d) gives the valence electrons. So, V has 5 valence electrons.

Step4: Locate Ar in periodic table

Argon (Ar) is in Group 18. It is a noble gas. For noble gases (except He), the number of valence electrons is 8.

Step5: Locate C in periodic table

Carbon (C) is in Group 14. For main - group elements, valence electrons = group number - 10 (for groups 13 - 18) or group number (for groups 1 - 2). So, C has 4 valence electrons.

Answer:

Na: 1 F: 7 V: 5 Ar: 8 C: 4