why?\nwhen you began chemistry class this year, you probably already knew that the chemical formula for car…

why?\nwhen you began chemistry class this year, you probably already knew that the chemical formula for car - bon dioxide was co₂. today you will find out why co₂ is named that way. naming chemical compounds correctly is of paramount importance. the slight difference between the names carbon monoxide (co, a poisonous, deadly gas) and carbon dioxide (co₂, a greenhouse gas that we exhale when we breathe out) can be the difference between life and death! in this activity you will learn the naming system for molecu - lar compounds.\nmodel 1 - molecular compounds\n|molecular formula|number of atoms of first element|number of atoms of second element|name of compound|\n|----|----|----|----|\n|cf|1|1|chlorine monofluoride|\n|cf₅|1|5|chlorine pentafluoride|\n|co|1|1|carbon monoxide|\n|co₂|1|2|carbon dioxide|\n|cl₂o|2|1|dichlorine monoxide|\n|pcl₅|1|5|phosphorus pentachloride|\n|n₂o₅|2|5|dinitrogen pentoxide|\n1) fill in the table to indicate the number of atoms of each type in the molecular formula.\n2) ionic compounds have a metal and a non - metal in them. molecules like those in model 1 are called molecular compounds. do the molecules in model 1 have a metal and non - metal or 2 non - metals? are the compounds in model 1 ionic or molecular?\n3) what is different about the names in model 1 than the name of ionic compounds we named last week?\n4) cf and cf₅ both have chlorine and fluorine in them. why is the name “chlorine fluoride” not sufficient to identify these compounds?\n5) the name of the compound gives a clue to its molecular formula. how many fluoride atoms are there in carbon monofluoride? using the trends in model 1, predict how many atoms each of these prefixes indicates.

why?\nwhen you began chemistry class this year, you probably already knew that the chemical formula for car - bon dioxide was co₂. today you will find out why co₂ is named that way. naming chemical compounds correctly is of paramount importance. the slight difference between the names carbon monoxide (co, a poisonous, deadly gas) and carbon dioxide (co₂, a greenhouse gas that we exhale when we breathe out) can be the difference between life and death! in this activity you will learn the naming system for molecu - lar compounds.\nmodel 1 - molecular compounds\n|molecular formula|number of atoms of first element|number of atoms of second element|name of compound|\n|----|----|----|----|\n|cf|1|1|chlorine monofluoride|\n|cf₅|1|5|chlorine pentafluoride|\n|co|1|1|carbon monoxide|\n|co₂|1|2|carbon dioxide|\n|cl₂o|2|1|dichlorine monoxide|\n|pcl₅|1|5|phosphorus pentachloride|\n|n₂o₅|2|5|dinitrogen pentoxide|\n1) fill in the table to indicate the number of atoms of each type in the molecular formula.\n2) ionic compounds have a metal and a non - metal in them. molecules like those in model 1 are called molecular compounds. do the molecules in model 1 have a metal and non - metal or 2 non - metals? are the compounds in model 1 ionic or molecular?\n3) what is different about the names in model 1 than the name of ionic compounds we named last week?\n4) cf and cf₅ both have chlorine and fluorine in them. why is the name “chlorine fluoride” not sufficient to identify these compounds?\n5) the name of the compound gives a clue to its molecular formula. how many fluoride atoms are there in carbon monofluoride? using the trends in model 1, predict how many atoms each of these prefixes indicates.

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze molecular formulas

For each compound in the table, count the number of atoms of each element based on the sub - scripts in the molecular formula. For example, in $CO_2$, there is 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms.

Step2: Determine compound type

Molecular compounds in Model 1 consist of non - metals only. Since there are no metals in these compounds, they are molecular, not ionic.

Step3: Compare naming

Names of molecular compounds in Model 1 use prefixes (mono -, di -, penta - etc.) to indicate the number of atoms of each element. Ionic compound names do not use such prefixes in the same way.

Step4: Consider atom ratios

$ClF$ has a 1:1 ratio of chlorine to fluorine, while $ClF_5$ has a 1:5 ratio. The name "chlorine fluoride" does not specify the ratio, so it is not sufficient.

Step5: Predict from naming

In carbon monofluoride, "mono -" indicates 1 fluorine atom.

Answer:

  1. For $ClF$: 1 chlorine atom, 1 fluorine atom; for $ClF_5$: 1 chlorine atom, 5 fluorine atoms; for $CO$: 1 carbon atom, 1 oxygen atom; for $CO_2$: 1 carbon atom, 2 oxygen atoms; for $Cl_2O$: 2 chlorine atoms, 1 oxygen atom; for $PCl_5$: 1 phosphorus atom, 5 chlorine atoms; for $N_2O_5$: 2 nitrogen atoms, 5 oxygen atoms.
  2. The molecules in Model 1 have 2 non - metals. The compounds in Model 1 are molecular.
  3. Molecular compound names in Model 1 use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element, while ionic compound names do not use prefixes in the same way.
  4. Because $ClF$ and $ClF_5$ have different ratios of chlorine to fluorine atoms, and "chlorine fluoride" does not specify the ratio.
  5. There is 1 fluorine atom in carbon monofluoride.