ultimately, the reforms initiated by mikhail gorbachev led to\n○ the rise of vladimir putin.\n○ increased…

ultimately, the reforms initiated by mikhail gorbachev led to\n○ the rise of vladimir putin.\n○ increased hostilities with western europe.\n○ the downfall of the soviet union.\n○ improved relations with the soviet satellite states.

ultimately, the reforms initiated by mikhail gorbachev led to\n○ the rise of vladimir putin.\n○ increased hostilities with western europe.\n○ the downfall of the soviet union.\n○ improved relations with the soviet satellite states.

Answer

Brief Explanations:

Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost reforms aimed to modernize the Soviet - Union's economy and political system. However, they led to political instability and economic chaos, ultimately resulting in the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Answer:

the downfall of the Soviet Union.