ultimately, the reforms initiated by mikhail gorbachev led to the rise of vladimir putin. increased…

ultimately, the reforms initiated by mikhail gorbachev led to the rise of vladimir putin. increased hostilities with western europe. the downfall of the soviet union. improved relations with the soviet satellite states.

ultimately, the reforms initiated by mikhail gorbachev led to the rise of vladimir putin. increased hostilities with western europe. the downfall of the soviet union. improved relations with the soviet satellite states.

Answer

Answer:

the downfall of the Soviet Union.

Brief Explanations:

Gorbachev's reforms like perestroika and glasnost, intended to modernize the Soviet - system, instead led to political and economic instability that contributed to the Soviet Union's collapse.