167. passive security attacks or breaches include packet sniffer, wiretapping, and\na. port scanner\nb…

167. passive security attacks or breaches include packet sniffer, wiretapping, and\na. port scanner\nb. denial - of - service attack\nc. spoofing\nd. ping of death
Answer
Brief Explanations:
- Port scanner: Passive security attacks involve observing or listening to network traffic without interfering. A port scanner is used to gather information about open ports on a system, which is a form of passive observation.
- Denial - of - service attack: This is an active attack as it aims to disrupt the normal functioning of a service by overwhelming it with traffic.
- Spoofing: It is an active attack where an attacker pretends to be someone else (e.g., by falsifying IP addresses) to gain unauthorized access or cause harm.
- Ping of death: This is an active attack that sends malformed ping packets to crash a system.
Answer:
A. port scanner