2. how did the behavior of the deer change when wolves were reintroduced?

Brief Explanations:

The reintroduction of wolves, a natural predator, significantly altered deer behavior. Faced with predation risk, deer became more vigilant and changed their foraging patterns. They started avoiding areas where they were more vulnerable to attack, such as open valleys and riparian zones (areas alongside rivers and streams). This phenomenon is often referred to as creating a "landscape of fear," where the mere presence of predators influences prey behavior and distribution, leading deer to graze less intensely in certain locations and move more frequently.

Answer:

When wolves were reintroduced, the deer became more cautious, avoided open areas and valleys where they were vulnerable, and spent less time grazing in any single location.