3. how have car manufacturers engineered safer cars over time?

Answer:

Over time, car manufacturers have employed various engineering - related methods to make cars safer. They have improved the design of the vehicle's frame to better absorb and distribute crash energy. For example, crumple zones are designed to deform in a controlled way during a collision, reducing the force transmitted to the passengers. They have also enhanced safety systems such as airbags, which deploy rapidly to protect occupants. Additionally, advancements in materials science have led to the use of stronger and lighter materials, improving both safety and fuel - efficiency. Anti - lock braking systems (ABS) and electronic stability control (ESC) have been developed to improve vehicle control during emergency maneuvers.

Brief Explanations:

Considered engineering design, materials, and safety systems.