what causes surface currents?

Brief Explanations:

Surface currents in the ocean are mainly caused by wind - driven forces. The wind blows over the surface of the water, transferring energy and causing the water to move in a particular direction. The Coriolis effect (due to the Earth's rotation) and the shape of the coastline also influence the direction and pattern of these surface currents.

Answer:

Wind - driven forces, the Coriolis effect, and the shape of the coastline.