4. how do earthquakes affect rock formations? rocks will dry out and crack. softer rocks will be exposed.

Answer:

Neither option is correct. Earthquakes can cause rocks to fracture, shift, and deform in various ways due to the seismic waves and ground - shaking forces. Rocks drying out and cracking is more related to processes like evaporation and weathering over time, not directly to earthquakes. And the exposure of softer rocks is more related to erosion processes rather than a direct result of earthquakes.

Brief Explanations:

Earthquakes generate seismic waves that cause mechanical stress on rocks, leading to fracturing and displacement, not drying or soft - rock exposure as described.