for each multiple choice question, choose the best answer. for each short answer question, type your…

Explanation:

Step1: Recall pH formula

The formula for pH is $pH = -\log[H^+]$, where $[H^+]$ is the hydrogen - ion concentration. Given $[H^+]=3.7\times 10^{-3}\ mol/L$. Then $pH = -\log(3.7\times 10^{-3})$. Using the logarithm property $\log(ab)=\log a+\log b$, we have $pH=-(\log3.7+\log(10^{-3}))$. Since $\log(10^{-3})=- 3$ and $\log3.7\approx0.57$, then $pH=- (0.57 - 3)=2.43$.

Step2: Recall Richter - scale formula

The Richter - scale formula is $M=\log\left(\frac{I}{I_0}\right)$, where $M$ is the magnitude, $I$ is the intensity of the earthquake, and $I_0$ is a reference intensity. For an earthquake of magnitude $M_1 = 8$, $\log\left(\frac{I_1}{I_0}\right)=8$, so $\frac{I_1}{I_0}=10^8$. For an earthquake of magnitude $M_2 = 5$, $\log\left(\frac{I_2}{I_0}\right)=5$, so $\frac{I_2}{I_0}=10^5$. The ratio of intensities $\frac{I_1}{I_2}=\frac{10^8}{10^5}=10^{8 - 5}=1000$.

Step3: Recall decibel formula

The decibel formula is $dB = 10\log\left(\frac{I}{I_0}\right)$. For a rock concert with $dB_1 = 150$, $150 = 10\log\left(\frac{I_1}{I_0}\right)$, so $\log\left(\frac{I_1}{I_0}\right)=15$ and $\frac{I_1}{I_0}=10^{15}$. For a normal conversation with $dB_2 = 60$, $60 = 10\log\left(\frac{I_2}{I_0}\right)$, so $\log\left(\frac{I_2}{I_0}\right)=6$ and $\frac{I_2}{I_0}=10^{6}$. The ratio of intensities $\frac{I_1}{I_2}=\frac{10^{15}}{10^{6}}=10^{15 - 6}=10^9$.

Answer:

Blank #1: 2.43 Blank #2: 1000 Blank #3: $10^9$