question 2\ndetermine whether the conclusion follows logically from the premises.\nif you are the ninth…

question 2\ndetermine whether the conclusion follows logically from the premises.\nif you are the ninth caller, then you win a free ticket.\nyou did not win a free ticket.\ntherefore, you were not the ninth caller.\nvalid argument\ninvalid argument\nif you have the flu, then you need to stay home.\nyou do not need to stay home.\ntherefore, you do not have the flu.\nvalid argument\ninvalid argument\nquestion help: video message instructor

question 2\ndetermine whether the conclusion follows logically from the premises.\nif you are the ninth caller, then you win a free ticket.\nyou did not win a free ticket.\ntherefore, you were not the ninth caller.\nvalid argument\ninvalid argument\nif you have the flu, then you need to stay home.\nyou do not need to stay home.\ntherefore, you do not have the flu.\nvalid argument\ninvalid argument\nquestion help: video message instructor

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Identify logical form

The first - type of argument is of the form: If (p), then (q); not (q); so not (p). This is called modus tollens.

Step2: Analyze first argument

Let (p) be "you are the ninth caller" and (q) be "you win a free ticket". The premises are (p\rightarrow q) and (\neg q). By modus tollens, we can conclude (\neg p) (you were not the ninth caller). So the first argument is valid.

Step3: Analyze second argument

Let (p) be "you have the flu" and (q) be "you need to stay home". The premises are (p\rightarrow q) and (\neg q). By modus tollens, we can conclude (\neg p) (you do not have the flu). So the second argument is valid.

Answer:

  1. Valid argument
  2. Valid argument