reasoning 1: how does matter (co₂) flow into and out of the water bottle system, if at all?
reasoning 1: how does matter (co₂) flow into and out of the water bottle system, if at all?
Answer
Explanation:
Step1: Consider gas exchange
If the water - bottle is open, $CO_2$ can diffuse in or out depending on the concentration gradient. If the concentration of $CO_2$ outside the bottle is higher than inside, $CO_2$ will diffuse into the bottle. If the inside concentration is higher, $CO_2$ will diffuse out.
Step2: Consider solubility
$CO_2$ is soluble in water. If the water in the bottle is in contact with air (open - bottle), $CO_2$ can dissolve into the water or come out of the water solution (out - gas) based on Henry's law which states that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid. In a closed - bottle system, the equilibrium between dissolved $CO_2$ in water and gaseous $CO_2$ in the air space above the water will be established.
Answer:
If the water bottle is open, $CO_2$ can diffuse in or out based on concentration gradients and can dissolve in or out - gas from the water. In a closed - bottle, an equilibrium between dissolved and gaseous $CO_2$ is established.