the scientific field of astronomy- instruction: answer all the questions. 1. how did the 16th and 17th…

Brief Explanations:

1. In the 16th and 17th centuries, figures like Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model, Galileo made significant telescopic observations, and Kepler discovered laws of planetary motion, all of which laid the ground - work for modern astronomy.
2. Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and large - scale structure of the universe.
3. Stellar astronomy focuses on stars in general, their formation, evolution, and properties. Solar astronomy specifically studies the Sun, its features, and its effects on the solar system.
4. Observational astronomers study celestial objects and phenomena by collecting and analyzing electromagnetic radiation (light) from them, using telescopes and other instruments.
5. Astronomy is a scientific study of celestial objects, space, and the universe's physical properties, relying on empirical evidence and scientific methods. Astrology is a belief system that claims to divine information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the positions and aspects of celestial objects, lacking scientific basis.

Answer:

1. The 16th and 17th centuries saw the heliocentric model proposal, telescopic observations, and discovery of planetary motion laws, laying the foundation for modern astronomy.
2. The origin, evolution, and large - scale structure of the universe.
3. Stellar astronomy is about stars in general; solar astronomy is about the Sun specifically.
4. Celestial objects and phenomena by collecting and analyzing electromagnetic radiation from them.
5. Astronomy is a science based on evidence; astrology is a non - scientific belief system.