at a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a full stop, but slow…

at a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a full stop, but slow down), and some do not stop at all. we would like to test if there is an association between gender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop). we collect data by standing a few feet from a stop sign and taking note of type of stop and the gender of the driver. what are the hypotheses for testing for an association between gender and type of stop?\n\n○ h0: males and females are equally likely to come to a full stop. ha: males and females are not equally likely to come to a full stop.\n○ h0: gender and type of stop are associated. ha: gender and type of stop are independent.\n○ h0: gender and type of stop are independent. ha: gender and type of stop are associated.\n○ h0: males and females are equally likely to come to a rolling stop. ha: males are more likely than females to come to a rolling stop.

at a stop sign, some drivers come to a full stop, some come to a rolling stop (not a full stop, but slow down), and some do not stop at all. we would like to test if there is an association between gender and type of stop (full, rolling, or no stop). we collect data by standing a few feet from a stop sign and taking note of type of stop and the gender of the driver. what are the hypotheses for testing for an association between gender and type of stop?\n\n○ h0: males and females are equally likely to come to a full stop. ha: males and females are not equally likely to come to a full stop.\n○ h0: gender and type of stop are associated. ha: gender and type of stop are independent.\n○ h0: gender and type of stop are independent. ha: gender and type of stop are associated.\n○ h0: males and females are equally likely to come to a rolling stop. ha: males are more likely than females to come to a rolling stop.

Answer

Brief Explanations:

To test for an association between two categorical variables (gender and type of stop), the null hypothesis ((H_0)) assumes independence (no association), and the alternative hypothesis ((H_A)) assumes an association.

  • The first option is incorrect as it focuses only on "full stop" instead of all stop types.
  • The second option has (H_0) and (H_A) reversed (null should be independence, alternative association).
  • The fourth option focuses only on "rolling stop" and specifies a directional alternative, which is not needed here (we just test for association, not a specific direction).
  • The third option correctly states (H_0): Gender and type of stop are independent (no association) and (H_A): Gender and type of stop are associated (there is an association).

Answer:

C. H0: Gender and type of stop are independent. HA: Gender and type of stop are associated.