a survey that includes only people who choose...

# Brief Explanations: Voluntary - response bias occurs when people self - select to participate in a survey. Those with stronger opinions are more likely to respond, skewing the results. In this case, since the survey only includes people who choose to respond, it is a classic example of voluntary - response bias. Interviewer - induced bias is related to the interviewer's influence, question - wording bias to how questions are phrased, and coding errors to data entry mistakes, none of which are relevant here. # Answer: A. voluntary - response bias