topic 11 - 2\n2. a city is weighing whether t...

topic 11 - 2\n2. a city is weighing whether to increase fares for public transit, or to provide more funding to public transit through the citys general fund, which is primarily funded by local property taxes. a survey of public transit riders was conducted to determine popular opinion. what is this sampling method an example of?\n\n5. a television news program asks its viewers to call in to give their opinions on an upcoming ballot question. what type of sampling method does this represent?\n\nfor the remaining questions (#6, #20, #13, #12, #22, #19), answer three of them.\n\n6. a doctor assigns people to treatment groups based on data from their medical records. is this method of selecting treatment groups biased or unbiased? explain.\n\n20. choose yes or no to tell whether each of the following describes a convenience sampling method.\nyes no\na manager surveys every fourth customer about their level of satisfaction with their shopping experience.\nwhen a school district wishes to get feedback on the districts new webpage, they survey the entire population of randomly selected schools.\nwhen sheila wanted to find out what type of music was most popular among the students in her history class, she asked the two students who sat on either side of her.\nthe quality control officer of a ladder manufacturer walked into the shop, pulled the five closest ladders, and gave them several stress tests checking for potential defects.\n\n13. what sampling method is used in the following examples? is the method biased or not? see example 3\na. a clothing manufacturing company divided its employees up by units, and then they randomly selected three employees from each unit to represent the company at a convention in las vegas.\nb. mr. yotsey put names of all students at his school on identical slips of paper in a box and distributed surveys to the students whose names he pulled.

Answer

# Answer: 2. Voluntary - response sampling (since riders can choose to participate in the survey). 5. Voluntary - response sampling (viewers choose to call in). 6. Biased. Doctors may unconsciously or consciously select based on certain pre - conceived ideas from medical records, not a random selection. 20. - A manager surveys every fourth customer: No (systematic sampling, not convenience sampling). - School district surveys randomly selected schools: No (cluster sampling, not convenience sampling). - Sheila asks two students next to her: Yes (convenience sampling as she samples those easily accessible). - Quality control officer tests five closest ladders: Yes (convenience sampling as samples are selected based on ease of access). 13. - a. Stratified sampling. Unbiased. The company divides employees by units (strata) and then randomly selects from each unit. - b. Simple random sampling. Unbiased. Names are randomly selected from a box. # Brief Explanations: 2. Riders self - select to take part in the survey, which is characteristic of voluntary - response sampling. 5. Viewers have the option to call in, making it a voluntary - response sampling method. 6. Medical records may lead to non - random selection of treatment groups, introducing bias. 20. Analyze each situation based on the definition of convenience sampling (selecting samples that are easily accessible). 13. a. Dividing by units and random selection within each unit is stratified sampling. Since it's random within strata, it's unbiased. b. Randomly pulling names from a box is simple random sampling and is unbiased as each student has an equal chance of being selected.