unit 1: claims and evidence - writing quiz\n(1) ever since psychologist gordon gallup developed the mirror…

unit 1: claims and evidence - writing quiz\n(1) ever since psychologist gordon gallup developed the mirror self - recognition test in the 1970s, its been the classic way to determine whether a species has self - awareness. (2) in the test, researchers surreptitiously place a mark on a subjects body and then place the subject before a mirror. (3) if the subject tries to touch or remove the mark, then he or she must be self - aware. (4) gallup originally tested chimpanzees (which passed), but other species, mostly other primates, have also recognized themselves in the mirror. (5) subsequently, humans typically pass the test starting at around 18 months of age.\n(6) these studies have supported the long - held belief that only the most intelligent creatures are capable of recognizing the self. (7) but a recent study in which a tiny tropical fish seemingly passed the mirror test is turning that assumption on its head, suggesting that self - awareness is more widespread throughout the animal kingdom than previously thought.\n(8) researchers in japan decided to test the bluestreak cleaner wrasse because of its strong eyesight and its habit of eating parasites off other, larger fish. (9) the researchers presumed the fish were intelligent, yet even they were surprised by the studys results. (10) the territorial wrasses at first reacted aggressively when presented with a mirror in their tank, but over time they developed erratic behavior: dancing and bobbing in front of the mirror, sometimes upside down. (11) when researchers placed a colorful gel on the fishs throat, a spot they could see only in the mirror, the wrasses spent a lot of time examining the mark and even tried to scrape it off.\n(12) redouan bshary offered his opinions on the study: \i never saw a cleaner swimming on its back, and i never saw a cleaner scratching its throat. these are new behaviors that are apparently tightly linked to the mirror.\ (13) these are new behaviors that are apparently tightly linked to the mirror.\ (14) while the study has not yet been peer - reviewed, it is already sparking debate, with some scientists citing it as proof that fish are more clever than commonly thought - and may even belong in the exclusive club of self - aware animals, previously dominated by primates.\nthe writer would like to introduce the quotation in sentences 12 and 13 (reproduced below) in a way that relates it to the argument presented in the passage.\nredouan bshary offered his opinions on the study; \i never saw a cleaner swimming on its back, and i never saw a cleaner scratching its throat. these are new behaviors that are apparently tightly linked to the mirror.\\nwhich of the following versions of the underlined text would best accomplish this goal?\n(a) (as it is now)\n(b) biologist redouan bshary read about the study and said,\n(c) someone who has studied cleaner wrasses is redouan bshary, who commented on the unexplainable behavior of the fish:\n(d) redouan bshary, a biologist familiar with cleaner wrasse behavior, found the study remarkable, stating,

unit 1: claims and evidence - writing quiz\n(1) ever since psychologist gordon gallup developed the mirror self - recognition test in the 1970s, its been the classic way to determine whether a species has self - awareness. (2) in the test, researchers surreptitiously place a mark on a subjects body and then place the subject before a mirror. (3) if the subject tries to touch or remove the mark, then he or she must be self - aware. (4) gallup originally tested chimpanzees (which passed), but other species, mostly other primates, have also recognized themselves in the mirror. (5) subsequently, humans typically pass the test starting at around 18 months of age.\n(6) these studies have supported the long - held belief that only the most intelligent creatures are capable of recognizing the self. (7) but a recent study in which a tiny tropical fish seemingly passed the mirror test is turning that assumption on its head, suggesting that self - awareness is more widespread throughout the animal kingdom than previously thought.\n(8) researchers in japan decided to test the bluestreak cleaner wrasse because of its strong eyesight and its habit of eating parasites off other, larger fish. (9) the researchers presumed the fish were intelligent, yet even they were surprised by the studys results. (10) the territorial wrasses at first reacted aggressively when presented with a mirror in their tank, but over time they developed erratic behavior: dancing and bobbing in front of the mirror, sometimes upside down. (11) when researchers placed a colorful gel on the fishs throat, a spot they could see only in the mirror, the wrasses spent a lot of time examining the mark and even tried to scrape it off.\n(12) redouan bshary offered his opinions on the study: \i never saw a cleaner swimming on its back, and i never saw a cleaner scratching its throat. these are new behaviors that are apparently tightly linked to the mirror.\ (13) these are new behaviors that are apparently tightly linked to the mirror.\ (14) while the study has not yet been peer - reviewed, it is already sparking debate, with some scientists citing it as proof that fish are more clever than commonly thought - and may even belong in the exclusive club of self - aware animals, previously dominated by primates.\nthe writer would like to introduce the quotation in sentences 12 and 13 (reproduced below) in a way that relates it to the argument presented in the passage.\nredouan bshary offered his opinions on the study; \i never saw a cleaner swimming on its back, and i never saw a cleaner scratching its throat. these are new behaviors that are apparently tightly linked to the mirror.\\nwhich of the following versions of the underlined text would best accomplish this goal?\n(a) (as it is now)\n(b) biologist redouan bshary read about the study and said,\n(c) someone who has studied cleaner wrasses is redouan bshary, who commented on the unexplainable behavior of the fish:\n(d) redouan bshary, a biologist familiar with cleaner wrasse behavior, found the study remarkable, stating,

Answer

Brief Explanations:

  • Option A: Just stating "Redouan Bshary offered his opinions on the study" doesn't clearly connect his role (biologist familiar with cleaner wrasse behavior) to the argument about self - awareness in fish.
  • Option B: "Biologist Redouan Bshary read about the study" makes it seem like he is just an outside reader, not someone with relevant expertise (familiar with cleaner wrasse behavior) that would strengthen the connection to the argument.
  • Option C: "Someone who has studied cleaner wrasses" is too vague. It doesn't clearly establish his role as a biologist (a more specific and relevant academic position) and the connection to the argument as effectively as Option D.
  • Option D: By stating "Redouan Bshary, a biologist familiar with cleaner wrasse behavior", it clearly shows his relevant expertise. This makes his opinion about the new behaviors (linked to the mirror, which is related to the self - awareness argument) more credible and directly related to the argument presented in the passage.

Answer:

D. Redouan Bshary, a biologist familiar with cleaner wrasse behavior, found the study remarkable, stating,