Question

1. atherosclerosis can lead to a complete ____________ of a coronary artery.

a. occlusion
b. disintegration
c. dilation
d. contraction

1. the lumen of an artery may be partially or completely blocked by the blood - clotting system due to a ____________ that exposes the inside of the atherosclerotic wall.

a. tear
b. crack
c. clot
d. rupture

1. tissues downstream from a blood clot will suffer from lack of oxygen. if blood flow is resumed in a short time, the ____________ tissues will recover.

a. sclerotic
b. hypoxic
c. necrotic
d. rheumatic

1. risk factors for myocardial infarction include all of the following except:

a. male gender
b. high blood pressure
c. stress
d. increased activity level

1. when, for a brief period of time, heart tissues do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:

a. necrosis
b. angina
c. ischemia
d. atherosclerosis

1. angina pain may be felt in the:

a. epigastrium
b. legs
c. lower back
d. lower abdomen

1. the underlying cause of a dissecting aortic aneurysm is:

a. controlled hypertension
b. uncontrolled hypertension
c. transient hypertension
d. benign hypertension

1. because the oxygen supply to the heart is diminished with angina, the ____________ can become compromised, putting the person at risk for significant cardiac rhythm problems.

a. respiratory system
b. clotting cascade
c. electrical system
d. vasculature

1. about ____________ minutes after blood flow is cut off, some heart muscle cells begin to die.

a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40

Explanation:

1. Atherosclerosis can cause the coronary artery to be completely blocked, which is called occlusion. Disintegration means breaking - down, dilation is widening, and contraction is narrowing in a different sense.
2. A rupture in the atherosclerotic wall can expose its inside and lead to the blood - clotting system partially or completely blocking the artery lumen. A tear or crack may not necessarily lead to such a significant clotting response compared to a rupture, and a clot is the result, not the cause of the initial exposure.
3. Hypoxic tissues are those suffering from a lack of oxygen. If blood flow is resumed quickly, hypoxic tissues can recover. Sclerotic tissues are hardened, necrotic tissues are dead, and rheumatic is related to a different pathological condition.
4. Increased activity level is generally beneficial for heart health and is not a risk factor for myocardial infarction. Male gender, high blood pressure, and stress are known risk factors.
5. Angina is the pain felt when heart tissues do not get enough oxygen for a brief period. Necrosis is tissue death, ischemia is the lack of blood supply, and atherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries due to plaque build - up.
6. Angina pain can be felt in the epigastrium. It is less likely to be felt in the legs, lower back, or lower abdomen.
7. Uncontrolled hypertension is a common underlying cause of a dissecting aortic aneurysm. Controlled hypertension is less likely to cause it, transient hypertension may not be as causative as uncontrolled, and benign hypertension is not typically associated with this condition.
8. When oxygen supply to the heart is diminished in angina, the electrical system of the heart can be compromised, leading to cardiac rhythm problems. The respiratory system, clotting cascade, and vasculature are not directly related to the rhythm problems in this context.
9. About 20 minutes after blood flow is cut off, some heart muscle cells begin to die.

Answer:

1. A. occlusion
2. D. rupture
3. B. hypoxic
4. D. increased activity level
5. B. angina
6. A. epigastrium
7. B. uncontrolled hypertension
8. C. electrical system
9. B. 20