Question

1. a pollster wants to survey a town about their opinions on a new park. to ensure the results are representative, they create a list of every household in the town and use a computer program to select 100 households to call. this process is known as using a(n): a. experimental group b. population selection c. random sample d. control group e. stratified sample
2. dr. sanchez is testing a new medication for depression. he gives one group of participants the new drug and another group a pill that contains no active ingredients. the group receiving the inactive pill is being used for comparison. what is this group called? a. experimental group b. control group c. random sample d. placebo group e. confounding group
3. a psychologist is studying the effectiveness of a new learning technique. she finds that the group using the new technique has a higher average test - score than the group using the old technique. she then uses statistical methods to determine the probability that this difference in scores is due to chance. what is she trying to establish? a. validity b. falsifiability c. statistical significance d. correlation coefficient e. reliability
4. a scientist publishes a study on the relationship between diet and sleep quality. before the study is accepted for publication in a journal, other experts in the field review the research methods and findings to ensure its quality and validity. this process is called: a. debriefing process b. meta - analysis c. peer review d. operational definitions e. replication
5. a researcher is conducting a study on the effect of a new teaching method on student engagement. she believes that the new method will lead to increased student participation, and she formulates a specific, testable prediction about the outcome. what is this prediction called? a. theory b. hypothesis c. falsifiability d. confounding variable e. research question
6. a psychologist is conducting a study on social media use and self - esteem. he designs a survey to measure participants daily time on social media and their self - esteem scores. the time spent on social media and the self - esteem score are examples of what? a. variables b. operational definitions c. dependent variables d. independent variables e. constants
7. a teacher notices a student performing exceptionally well on the first vocabulary test of the year. on the subsequent tests, the students scores are closer to the year - long average performance. this tendency for extreme scores to move toward the average is an example of what? a. normal curve b. regression toward the mean c. falsifiability d. illusory correlation e. placebo effect
8. in a research study on the effects of music on mood, participants are asked to provide their approval after being fully informed about the studys purpose, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time. this practice is known as what? a. debriefing b. informed consent c. critical review d. right of refusal e. ethical review
9. a research study finds that children who eat a healthy breakfast have higher test scores. a critic argues that other factors, such as parental involvement or socioeconomic status, could also be influencing the test scores. these other factors are examples of what? a. dependent variables b. independent variables c. confounding variables d. placebo effects e. extraneous variables
10. a psychologist is conducting a study on public speaking anxiety. he asks participants to self - rate their anxiety levels on a scale of 1 to 10. some participants might rate their anxiety lower than it actually is because they feel its more socially acceptable to appear calm and confident. this is an example of what type of bias? a. sampling bias b. experimenter bias c. social desirability bias d. confirmation bias

Explanation:

1. Selecting households randomly from a list to ensure representativeness is a random - sampling method.
2. A group that receives an inactive pill for comparison in an experiment is called a placebo group.
3. Statistical significance is used to determine if the difference in scores is due to chance.
4. The process of having experts in the field review research methods and findings for publication is peer - review.
5. A specific, testable prediction about the outcome in a study is a hypothesis.
6. The time spent on social media and self - esteem scores are variables in the study.
7. The tendency of an extreme score to move closer to the average is regression toward the mean.
8. Informing participants about the study's purpose, potential risks, and their right to withdraw and getting their approval is informed consent.
9. Factors like parental involvement or socioeconomic status that could influence test scores along with the main factor (healthy breakfast) are confounding variables.
10. Participants rating their anxiety lower because they feel it's more socially acceptable is an example of social desirability bias.

Answer:

1. C. Random sample
2. D. Placebo group
3. C. Statistical significance
4. C. Peer review
5. B. Hypothesis
6. A. Variables
7. B. Regression toward the mean
8. B. Informed consent
9. C. Confounding variables
10. C. Social desirability bias