11.) crossing over is the exchange of segments between
a) chromatids c) sperm
b) gonads d) somatic cells

12) an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is
a) an increased number of offspring. c) the maintenance of desired characteristics
b) a shorter development period d) a greater chance of favorable variations

13) in an organism, the chromosome number is exactly the same in:
a) a somatic cell and a zygote c) a somatic cell and an egg cell
b) a zygote and a sperm cell d) a sperm cell and a somatic cell

14) how many chromosomes will be in the body cell of an organism if there are 20 chromosomes in the organisms egg?
a) 10 c) 40
b) 20 d) 80

15) during which process are polar bodies formed?
a) cleavage c) male gamete formation
b) fission d) female gamete formation

16.) in the human female, the number of mature gametes produced from a primary sex cell is.
a) 1 c) 3
b) 2 d) 4

17.) which statement best describes chromosomes that contain genes for the same characteristic
a) they are homologous. c) they are present in a normal gamete.
b) they are linked. d) they occur in the same monoploid cell.

18.) in which process is the pairing of homologous chromosomes followed by the disjunction of these chromosome pairs?
a) binary fission c) budding
b) meiosis d) fertilization

19) when compared with the number of gametes produced from a single human primary sex cell during oogenesis, the number of gametes produced from a single human primary sex cell during spermatogenesis is usually:
a) four times as great c) twice as great
b) half as great d) the same

20.) during meiotic cell division, the process in which homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and move apart is known as:
a) internal fertilization c) regeneration
b) binary fission d) disjunction

Question

11.) crossing over is the exchange of segments between
a) chromatids 		c) sperm
b) gonads 			d) somatic cells

12) an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is
a) an increased number of offspring. 	c) the maintenance of desired characteristics
b) a shorter development period 		d) a greater chance of favorable variations

13) in an organism, the chromosome number is exactly the same in:
a) a somatic cell and a zygote 		c) a somatic cell and an egg cell
b) a zygote and a sperm cell 		d) a sperm cell and a somatic cell

14) how many chromosomes will be in the body cell of an organism if there are 20 chromosomes in the organisms egg?
a) 10 					c) 40
b) 20 					d) 80

15) during which process are polar bodies formed?
a) cleavage 			c) male gamete formation
b) fission 			d) female gamete formation

16.) in the human female, the number of mature gametes produced from a primary sex cell is.
a) 1 					c) 3
b) 2 					d) 4

17.) which statement best describes chromosomes that contain genes for the same characteristic
a) they are homologous. 			c) they are present in a normal gamete.
b) they are linked. 			d) they occur in the same monoploid cell.

18.) in which process is the pairing of homologous chromosomes followed by the disjunction of these chromosome pairs?
a) binary fission 			c) budding
b) meiosis 			d) fertilization

19) when compared with the number of gametes produced from a single human primary sex cell during oogenesis, the number of gametes produced from a single human primary sex cell during spermatogenesis is usually:
a) four times as great 			c) twice as great
b) half as great 			d) the same

20.) during meiotic cell division, the process in which homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and move apart is known as:
a) internal fertilization 			c) regeneration
b) binary fission 			d) disjunction

Accepted Answer

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
Crossing over occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up, and segments are exchanged between non - sister chromatids. Gonads are organs that produce gametes, sperm are male gametes, and somatic cells are body cells (not involved in crossing over). So the correct option is about chromatids.
# Answer:
a. chromatids

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents, leading to more genetic variation. Asexual reproduction produces more offspring (a is wrong), has a shorter development period (b is wrong), and maintains desired characteristics (c is asexual's advantage). So sexual reproduction has a greater chance of favorable variations.
# Answer:
d. a greater chance of favorable variations

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
Somatic cells are diploid, zygotes are formed by the fusion of sperm and egg (so zygotes are diploid). Sperm and egg are haploid. So a somatic cell and a zygote have the same (diploid) chromosome number.
# Answer:
a. a somatic cell and a zygote

### Question 14
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall chromosome number in gametes and body cells
Egg cells are gametes, which are haploid. Body cells are diploid, meaning they have twice the number of chromosomes as gametes.
## Step2: Calculate the number of chromosomes in body cells
Given the egg has 20 chromosomes (haploid number, $n = 20$), the body cell (diploid, $2n$) will have $2	imes20=40$ chromosomes.
# Answer:
c. 40

### Question 15
# Brief Explanations:
Polar bodies are formed during oogenesis (female gamete formation). Cleavage is cell division after fertilization, fission is a form of asexual reproduction, and male gamete formation (spermatogenesis) does not form polar bodies.
# Answer:
d. female gamete formation

### Question 16
# Brief Explanations:
In human females, during oogenesis, one primary sex cell (oogonium) produces one mature gamete (ovum) and three polar bodies. So the number of mature gametes from one primary sex cell is 1.
# Answer:
a. 1

### Question 17
# Brief Explanations:
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent) that have genes for the same characteristics (same gene loci). Linked chromosomes are on the same chromosome, gametes are haploid (not having pairs), and monoploid cells have one set of chromosomes. So the correct description is homologous.
# Answer:
a. They are homologous.

### Question 18
# Brief Explanations:
Meiosis involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis) followed by their disjunction (separation) in meiosis I. Binary fission and budding are asexual reproduction processes, and fertilization is the fusion of gametes.
# Answer:
b. meiosis

### Question 19
# Brief Explanations:
During oogenesis, one primary sex cell produces 1 mature gamete. During spermatogenesis, one primary sex cell produces 4 mature gametes. So the number of gametes in spermatogenesis is four times that in oogenesis.
# Answer:
a. four times as great

### Question 20
# Brief Explanations:
During meiotic cell division, the separation and movement apart of homologous pairs of chromosomes is called disjunction. Internal fertilization is about where fertilization occurs, binary fission is asexual reproduction, and regeneration is about regrowing body parts.
# Answer:
d. disjunction

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