Question

#11 a professor at neumann university asked all of the students in her class their ages. on the basis of this information, the professor then claims that the average age of all the students in her class is 20 years. this is an example of: (a) an observational study (b) an experimental study (c) descriptive statistics (d) inferential statistics #12 referring to question #11 above, suppose that professor were to claim that the average age of all the students at neumann university is 20 years. this is an example of: (a) an observational study (b) an experimental study (c) descriptive statistics (d) inferential statistics

Explanation:

Question [#11]

• Option A: Observational study involves observing without intervention, not about summarizing data. Eliminate.
• Option B: Experimental study has manipulation, not relevant here. Eliminate.
• Option C: Descriptive statistics summarizes data from a sample (here, her class) with measures like average. The professor used her class's data to describe their average age. This fits.
• Option D: Inferential statistics makes inferences about a population from a sample, but here the claim is about her class (the sample), not a larger population. Eliminate.

• Option A: Observational study is about observation, not statistical inference. Eliminate.
• Option B: Experimental study involves manipulation, not relevant. Eliminate.
• Option C: Descriptive statistics describes a sample, but here the claim is about all students at the university (population) from her class (sample), so it's not just describing the sample. Eliminate.
• Option D: Inferential statistics uses sample data (her class) to make a claim about a larger population (all students at Neumann University). This fits.

Answer:

C. descriptive statistics

Question [#12]