12.3 other patterns of inheritance
1. when one allele is not completely dominant over the other, it is called
2. if a red mirabilis flower is crossed with a white one, the offspring are all
3. if the phenotypes of both alleles are expressed, it is called
4. if a white chicken is crossed to a black chicken, the offspring have what color pattern?
5. the gene controlling levels in humans is codominant.
6. what is an example of a multiple allele trait?
7. describe the coloration of a himalayan rabbit?
8. what is an example of a polygenic trait in humans?
9. chloroplasts of a morning glory plant are inherited from the cell.
10. chemical modification of certain genes is called genetic
analyzing data
11. what are the three genes associated with blood type?
12. what blood type(s) can a person with type a receive?
13. why is type o blood referred to as the “universal donor”?
genes and environment
14. the color of the buckeye butterfly is influenced by
15. the western white butterfly have changes in pigment based on
*** for fun - help the bunny find the carrot!

Question

12.3 other patterns of inheritance
1. when one allele is not completely dominant over the other, it is called
2. if a red mirabilis flower is crossed with a white one, the offspring are all
3. if the phenotypes of both alleles are expressed, it is called
4. if a white chicken is crossed to a black chicken, the offspring have what color pattern?
5. the gene controlling  levels in humans is codominant.
6. what is an example of a multiple allele trait?
7. describe the coloration of a himalayan rabbit?
8. what is an example of a polygenic trait in humans?
9. chloroplasts of a morning glory plant are inherited from the  cell.
10. chemical modification of certain genes is called genetic
analyzing data
11. what are the three genes associated with blood type?
12. what blood type(s) can a person with type a receive?
13. why is type o blood referred to as the “universal donor”?
genes and environment
14. the color of the buckeye butterfly is influenced by
15. the western white butterfly have changes in pigment based on
*** for fun - help the bunny find the carrot!

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The question is about a type of dominance in genetics where one allele isn't fully dominant over the other. This is the definition of incomplete dominance.
# Answer:
incomplete

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Mirabilis flowers show incomplete dominance. When a red (RR) and white (rr) flower are crossed, the offspring (Rr) have a pink phenotype, which is an intermediate between red and white.
# Answer:
pink

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
When both alleles' phenotypes are expressed simultaneously in the offspring, this is called codominance. For example, in ABO blood groups, both A and B alleles can be expressed.
# Answer:
codominance

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
When a white chicken and a black chicken are crossed and show codominance, the offspring (like in some breeds) have both black and white feathers, a pattern called speckled or checkered (or more specifically, in some cases, like the Andalusian chicken, it can be a blue - but for black and white codominance, it's a mix of black and white patches).
# Answer:
speckled (or black and white patches)

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
The gene controlling blood type (ABO blood type) levels in humans is codominant. The alleles $I^A$, $I^B$, and $i$ interact in a codominant (and multiple - allele) manner.
# Answer:
blood type

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
ABO blood type in humans is a classic example of a multiple - allele trait. There are three alleles ($I^A$, $I^B$, and $i$) that determine the four blood types (A, B, AB, O).
# Answer:
ABO blood type (in humans)

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Himalayan rabbits have a coloration pattern where their extremities (ears, nose, feet, tail) are dark (usually black or brown) and the rest of the body is white. This is due to the expression of the color - producing gene being temperature - dependent; the cooler parts of the body (extremities) allow the gene to be expressed, while the warmer body core does not.
# Answer:
The extremities (ears, nose, feet, tail) are dark (black/brown) and the rest of the body is white.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Polygenic traits in humans are controlled by multiple genes. Examples include skin color, height, and eye color. These traits show a wide range of phenotypes due to the combined effect of multiple genes and often environmental factors.
# Answer:
Skin color (or height, or eye color)

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Chloroplasts in plants are inherited from the female parent (the egg cell) because the sperm cell contributes little to no cytoplasm (where chloroplasts are located) during fertilization. So chloroplasts of a morning glory plant are inherited from the egg (or maternal) cell.
# Answer:
egg (or maternal)

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Chemical modification of certain genes, such as DNA methylation or histone modification, which can affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, is called genetic imprinting (more accurately, epigenetic modification, but in the context of gene modification affecting inheritance, imprinting is a type. However, the more general term for chemical modification of genes affecting expression is epigenetics, but the term here is likely "imprinting" or "epigenetic modification". But the most common term for chemical modification of genes related to inheritance patterns is genetic imprinting. Wait, actually, the term for chemical modification of genes (like adding methyl groups to DNA) that affects gene expression is epigenetic regulation, but the question might be looking for "imprinting" or "epigenetic modification". Alternatively, the term "silencing" is not correct. Wait, the correct term for chemical modification of genes (e.g., DNA methylation, histone acetylation) that can be inherited and affect gene expression is epigenetic modification. But the question says "chemical modification of certain genes is called genetic...". The term is "imprinting" is a type of epigenetic modification where genes are marked (chemically modified) based on parental origin. But maybe the answer is "imprinting". Alternatively, the term could be "epigenetic modification", but the more likely answer here is "imprinting" or "regulation". Wait, no, the correct term for chemical modification of genes (like methylation) that affects their expression and can be inherited is epigenetic modification. But the question's blank is after "genetic", so maybe "imprinting". Wait, I think the answer is "imprinting" or "epigenetic modification". But let's check. The process of chemical modification of genes (e.g., DNA methylation) that influences gene expression is part of epigenetic regulation. But the term "genetic imprinting" is a specific type of epigenetic modification where genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father, due to chemical modifications. So the answer is likely "imprinting".
# Answer:
imprinting (or epigenetic modification - but more likely imprinting)

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
The three genes (alleles) associated with blood type in the ABO system are $I^A$, $I^B$, and $i$. These alleles determine the blood type (A, B, AB, O) in humans.
# Answer:
$I^A$, $I^B$, $i$

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
A person with blood type A has the genotype $I^A I^A$ or $I^A i$. They can receive blood from type A (because they have the A antigen and anti - B antibodies, so type A blood has A antigens and no B antigens, and type O blood has no antigens). So they can receive type A and type O blood.
# Answer:
Type A and Type O

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
Type O blood is referred to as the universal donor because it has neither A nor B antigens on the surface of its red blood cells. This means it won't trigger an immune response in recipients with any blood type (A, B, AB, or O) because there are no antigens on the O blood cells that the recipient's antibodies will attack.
# Answer:
Because type O blood has neither A nor B antigens on its red blood cells, so it does not trigger an immune response in recipients with any blood type.

### Question 14
# Brief Explanations:
The color of the buckeye butterfly is influenced by temperature. The expression of the gene for wing color in buckeye butterflies is temperature - dependent; different temperatures during development can lead to different color patterns.
# Answer:
temperature

### Question 15
# Brief Explanations:
The western white butterfly has changes in pigment based on temperature. The amount of pigment (and thus the color intensity) in western white butterflies can change depending on the temperature during their development, which affects the expression of pigment - producing genes.
# Answer:
temperature

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