Question

1. what was a problem with the french dauphin (heir to the throne), charles?
2. what was \the maid of orleans\ name?
3. what did she persuade charles to do?
4. what happened to \the maid of orlean\?
5. what weapon was important to the french success at the end of the war?
6. where was gunpowder invented?
7. by the fourteenth century, what had begun to break down?

Explanation:

These questions relate to the Hundred Years' War and medieval European history.

1. Charles (the Dauphin, later Charles VII) lacked legitimacy and control over much of France; he was unable to be crowned king in the traditional coronation city of Reims because it was occupied by English forces.
2. "The Maid of Orlean" refers to Joan of Arc, a French peasant girl who led French forces during the Hundred Years' War.
3. Joan of Arc persuaded Charles to travel to Reims to be officially crowned King of France, to solidify his claim to the throne.
4. Joan of Arc was captured by Burgundian forces in 1430, sold to the English, put on trial for heresy and witchcraft, and burned at the stake in 1431. She was later exonerated and canonized as a saint.
5. Cannons (and gunpowder weaponry) were critical to French success, as they allowed them to breach English-held castles and fortifications effectively.
6. Gunpowder was invented in ancient China, likely during the Tang Dynasty, before spreading to Europe.
7. By the 14th century, the feudal system (the medieval social, economic, and political structure based on land ownership, vassalage, and serfdom) had begun to break down, due to factors like the Black Death, changes in warfare, and shifting economic systems.

Answer:

1. He could not be crowned in Reims (occupied by England), lacked full control of France and solid legitimacy as a ruler.
2. Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc)
3. She persuaded him to go to Reims to be crowned King of France.
4. She was captured, tried for heresy, and burned at the stake in 1431; later canonized as a saint.
5. Cannons (gunpowder-based artillery)
6. China
7. The European feudal system