Question

1. draw the free - body (force) diagrams for the following situations. include labeled arrows for all forces affecting the object.

scenario	force diagram
a rightward moving ball slows to a stop on the sidewalk. ignore air resistance.	!image of a ball moving towards a stop sign
a person jumps out of a plane, then opens the parachute and begins to slow down.	!image of a person with a parachute

Explanation:

For each scenario, identify all contact and non-contact forces, then represent them as labeled arrows on a simplified object (point or box):

1. Sled at constant velocity: Constant velocity means balanced forces. Gravity acts downward, normal force upward (equal magnitude), tension from the pull acts right, kinetic friction acts left (equal magnitude).
2. Ball slowing to stop: The ball is moving right but decelerating. Gravity acts downward, normal force upward (balanced). Kinetic friction acts left (unbalanced, causing deceleration).
3. Person with parachute slowing down: The person is moving downward but decelerating. Gravity acts downward, air resistance (drag) from the parachute acts upward (drag is larger than gravity, causing slowing).

Answer:

1. Sled pulled at constant velocity (ignore air resistance):

• Draw a box representing the sled.
• Upward arrow labeled $F_N$ (Normal Force)
• Downward arrow labeled $F_g$ (Gravitational Force, same length as $F_N$)
• Rightward arrow labeled $F_T$ (Tension/Pull Force)
• Leftward arrow labeled $F_f$ (Kinetic Friction, same length as $F_T$)

2. Rightward moving ball slowing to stop (ignore air resistance):

• Draw a circle representing the ball.
• Upward arrow labeled $F_N$ (Normal Force)
• Downward arrow labeled $F_g$ (Gravitational Force, same length as $F_N$)
• Leftward arrow labeled $F_f$ (Kinetic Friction, longer than no opposing horizontal force)

3. Person with parachute slowing down:

• Draw a box representing the person.
• Downward arrow labeled $F_g$ (Gravitational Force)
• Upward arrow labeled $F_{drag}$ (Air Resistance/Drag, longer than $F_g$)