Question

1. which of these best defines \environmental science\?

a the study of how humans interact with the environment
b
the study of how plants interact with the environment
c
the study of life
d
the study of the properties and changes of matter

17.
which of these occurs when the average number of deaths equals the average number of births?
a negative growth rate
b
positive growth rate
c
quadratic growth rate
d
zero growth rate

1. succession is

a the regular progression of species replacement in an environment.
b
the transfer of energy through a food chain.
c
an organism’s ability to survive in its environment.
d
the number of species living in an ecosystem.

19.
two species can be indirect competitors for food if they
a have different food sources.
b
use the same food source at different times.
c
fight over food.
d
eat together peacefully.

Explanation:

1. Environmental science focuses on the interactions between humans and the natural environment. The other options describe ecology (plants-environment interaction), biology (study of life), and chemistry (properties of matter).
2. Population growth rate is calculated as (birth rate - death rate). When these rates are equal, the growth rate is zero.
3. Ecological succession is the predictable process of species replacement in an ecosystem over time. The other options describe energy flow, adaptation, and species richness.
4. Indirect competition means species do not interact directly but compete for a shared resource; using the same food at different times fits this, unlike direct fighting or having separate resources.

Answer:

1. A. The study of how humans interact with the environment
2. D. zero growth rate
3. A. the regular progression of species replacement in an environment.
4. B. use the same food source at different times.