Question

1. what was one of the primary reasons for the space race? a. to promote tourism b. to build faster airplanes c. competition over space exploration technology d. to create handheld vacuums 19. which u.s. president signed the national defense education act (ndea)? a. john f. kennedy b. dwight d. eisenhower c. lyndon b. johnson d. richard nixon 20. what was a significant technology spinoff from the space race? a. smart tvs b. camera phones c. steam engines d. electric cars 21. which earth system includes all living organisms? a. atmosphere b. geosphere c. biosphere d. hydrosphere 22. what is the composition of earths atmosphere? a. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases b. 50% oxygen, 50% nitrogen c. 90% carbon dioxide, 10% oxygen d. 99% hydrogen, 1% helium 23. which earth system is responsible for the water cycle? a. biosphere b. hydrosphere c. geosphere d. atmosphere 24. what layer of earth contains rocks and minerals? a. atmosphere b. cryosphere c. biosphere d. geosphere 25. which system includes glaciers and ice sheets? a. hydrosphere b. atmosphere c. cryosphere d. biosphere 26. what is an essential value in science? a. avoiding skepticism b. using evidence c. keeping experiments secret d. making bold assumptions 27. why is peer - review important in science? a. it increases competition between scientists b. it ensures the information is kept private c. it allows other scientists to replicate findings d. it reduces the cost of experiments 28. what is a key sign of a reliable scientific source? a. it is recent b. it is promoted on social media c. it is written in simple language d. it is based on one scientists opinion 29. what does it mean if scientific consensus changes? a. the original findings were false b. new evidence has been considered c. all scientists were wrong d. science cannot be trusted 30. which term refers to misleading or false scientific claims often spread online? a. peer review b. hypothesis c. fake science d. big bang theory 31. which of the following describes a black hole? a. a star in its final stage b. a region where gravity is so strong that light cannot escape c. a large asteroid d. a place where stars are formed 32. what is a light - year? a. the speed of light in a vacuum b. the time it takes for light to travel one kilometer c. the distance light travels in one year d. the time it takes for the earth to orbit the sun once

Explanation:

1. The Space - Race was mainly a competition over space exploration technology between the US and the Soviet Union.
2. Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA).
3. Camera phones are a significant technology spinoff from the Space Race as related imaging technologies were developed.
4. The biosphere includes all living organisms.
5. Earth's atmosphere is composed of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% other gases.
6. The hydrosphere is responsible for the water - cycle.
7. The geosphere contains rocks and minerals.
8. Glaciers and ice sheets are part of the cryosphere.
9. Using evidence is an essential value in science.
10. Peer - review in science allows other scientists to replicate findings, which helps in validating results.
11. A key sign of a reliable scientific source is that it is based on multiple lines of evidence rather than one scientist's opinion, but being recent, promoted on social media, or being in simple language are not key indicators of reliability.
12. A change in scientific consensus usually means new evidence has been considered.
13. Misleading or false scientific claims often spread online are referred to as fake science.
14. A black hole is a region where gravity is so strong that light cannot escape.
15. A light - year is the distance light travels in one year.

Answer:

1. C. Competition over space exploration technology
2. B. Dwight D. Eisenhower
3. B. Camera phones
4. C. Biosphere
5. A. 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other gases
6. B. Hydrosphere
7. D. Geosphere
8. C. Cryosphere
9. B. Using evidence
10. C. It allows other scientists to replicate findings
11. None of the above options are ideal, but a reliable scientific source is based on multiple lines of evidence
12. B. New evidence has been considered
13. C. Fake science
14. B. A region where gravity is so strong that light cannot escape
15. C. The distance light travels in one year